پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

اثر آرایش کاشت در تلفیق با وجین، علف‌کش و گیاه پوششی بر مهار علف‌های هرز و عملکرد بادام‌زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
عباس نوبهار گیگلو 1
احمد توبه 1
سلیم فرزانه 1
رسول فخاری 2
کمال شهبازی هومونلو 3
1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، ایران
3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، ایران
10.22067/jpp.2025.91533.1216
چکیده
این آزمایش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر آرایش کاشت در تلفیق با وجین، علف‌کش و گیاه پوششی بر مهار علف‌های هرز و عملکرد بادام‌زمینی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان) به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1401 و 1402 اجرا شد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل نوع آرایش کاشت (تک‌ردیفه، دو‌ردیفه موازی و دوردیفه زیگزاگی) روی پشته‌ 75 سانتی‌متری و کرت‌های فرعی، هفت سطح مدیریت علف‌های ­هرز شامل 1- گیاه ‌پوششی شبدر لاکی (Trifolium incarnatum) و 2- گیاه پوششی ماشک‌ گل‌خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa)، 3- ترکیب علف‌کش بنتازون (SL%48) به‌میزان دو لیتر در هکتار + هالوکسی‌فوپ-آر متیل استر (EC%10.8) به‌میزان 7/0 لیتر در هکتار، 4- یک ‌بار وجین‌دستی (20 روز پس از کاشت)، 5- دو بار وجین‌دستی (20 و 40 روز پس از کاشت)، 6- وجین‌دستی تمام‌فصل علف‌های هرز و 7- شاهد )بدون مدیریت( بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تعداد غلاف تک‌ دانه، تعداد کل غلاف، عملکرد غلاف، وزن 100 دانه و عملکرد دانه تحت تأثیر روش‌های مهار علف‌های هرز و آرایش کاشت معنی‌دار بودند. بیش‌ترین مقدار صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده بادام‌زمینی در آرایش کاشت دوردیفه زیگزاگی و در سه سطح وجین‌دستی علف‌های هرز و پس از آن در تیمارهای گیاه پوششی ماشک، شبدر و کاربرد علف‌کش به دست آمد و کم‌ترین مقادیر صفات ذکر‌شده در آرایش کاشت تک‌ردیفه و در شرایط شاهد بدون مهار علف‌های هرز حاصل گردید. بیش‌ترین تراکم و زیست‌توده علف‌های هرز در آرایش کاشت تک‌ردیفه و در شرایط شاهد بدون مهار علف‌های هرز و کم‌ترین زیست‌توده علف‌های هرز در آرایش کاشت دوردیفه زیگزاگی و در تیمارهای دو بار وجین علف‌های هرز و کشت گیاه پوششی ماشک گل خوشه­ای به دست آمد. با توجه به شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی منطقه مغان، آرایش کاشت دوردیفه زیگزاگی و انجام دو بار وجین علف‌های هرز بهترین گزینه برای مهار علف‌های هرز بادام‌زمینی خواهد بود. در این تیمار، تعداد غلاف تک دانه (2/23 درصد)، تعداد کل غلاف (3/44 درصد)، عملکرد غلاف (8/26 درصد)، وزن 100 دانه (1/8 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (7/13 درصد) نسبت به تیمار آرایش کاشت دوردیفه زیگزاگی و شاهد بدون مهار بیشتر بود. استفاده از گیاه پوششی ماشک و شبدر و اختلاط علف‌کش بنتازون + هالوکسی‌فوپ-آر متیل استر در اولویت بعدی قابل توصیه می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بنتازون
شبدر
ماشک
مدیریت تلفیقی علف هرز
موضوعات

Authors retain the copyright.This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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