ارزیابی مقاومت لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نسبت به خسارت سن (Eurygaster integriceps) در شرایط آب و هوایی نیشابور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سن گندم یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات در مزارع غلات بوده که سالانه خسارت کیفی و کمی جبران­ناپذیری به گندم و جو وارد می‌کند. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی مقاومت 20 لاین امیدبخش گندم نسبت به آفت سن، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان نیشابور در سال زراعی 1402-1401 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل 18 لاین بهاره گندم حاصل برنامه‌های به‌نژادی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر و دو رقم امین و فرین به‌عنوان شاهد بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس آماری داده‌های آزمایش نشان داد که بین لاین‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر صفات مورد بررسی شامل تراکم پوره و حشرات کامل نسل جدید، درصد خسارت سن‌زدگی دانه، خسارت برگی، ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه، درصد گلوتن دانه، درصد نیتروژن دانه و عملکرد دانه گندم از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. درصد خسارت سن‌زدگی دانه در رقم امین و لاین 15 حداکثر و در رقم فرین و لاین­های 19 و 10 حداقل مقدار بود. بیشترین خسارت برگی در لاین 19 و کمترین در لاین 6 مشاهده شد. لاین­های 15و 20 به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین وزن هزار دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. بیشترین درصد گلوتن مربوط به لاین 15 بود و کمترین میزان به لاین 9 اختصاص یافت. بیشترین درصد نیتروژن برای لاین 15 و کمترین میزان برای رقم امین مشاهده شد. از نظر عملکرد دانه، لاین 6 حداکثر و رقم امین و لاین 20 حداقل میزان این صفت را داشتند. ارزیابی همبستگی بین صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که میزان خسارت برگی با عملکرد دانه همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری داشت. ارتفاع بوته با عملکرد دانه، وزن 1000 دانه با درصد نیتروژن دانه، وزن 1000 دانه با درصد گلوتن دانه، عملکرد دانه با درصد گلوتن دانه، عملکرد دانه با درصد نیتروژن دانه و نیز درصد گلوتن دانه با درصد نیتروژن دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت. لاین 6 با کمترین خسارت برگی و بیشترین درصد گلوتن و عملکرد دانه به‌عنوان متحمل لاین به سن و رقم امین با بیشترین میزان سن‌زدگی، کمترین درصد گلوتن، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه به‌عنوان لاین حساس به سن شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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