شناسایی اندوفیت‌های قارچی در کشت هوازی برنج استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی. دانشکده تولید گیاهی.دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

برنج از مهم­ترین غلات مورد مصرف غذایی مردم جهان به­ویژه خاورمیانه می­باشد. ایران با داشتن نزدیک به 560 هزار هکتار زمین کشاورزی اختصاص یافته برای کشت برنج و تولید سالانه نزدیک به 5/2 میلیون تن، رتبه جهانی 23 در تولید و 26 در زمین­های تحت کشت و رتبه 13 در مصرف آن را به خود اختصاص داده است. در این پژوهش، به­منظور شناسایی قارچ­های اندوفیت در کشت هوازی برنج استان گلستان، بازدیدهایی از مزارع مختلف برنج هوازی استان گلستان شامل شهرستان­های گرگان، کردکوی، بندرگز، علی­آباد و کلاله طی ماه­های اردیبهشت تا شهریور سال 1398-1399 به­عمل آمد. پس از خالص­سازی، شناسایی جدایه­ها بر اساس خصوصیات ریخت­شناسی و توالی ناحیه ITS و TUB انجام گرفت. در این پژوهش، در مجموع 39 جدایه قارچی متعلق به 12 گونه از 6 جنس به­دست آمد که بیشترین تعداد جدایه متعلق به غلاف گیاه برنج با فراوانی 16 جدایه و کمترین آن 11 جدایه به ریشه گیاه برنج تعلق داشت. از بین 6 جنس شناسایی شده در این تحقیق، بیشترین تعداد جدایه متعلق به جنس­های Alternaria و Fusarium، به‌ترتیب هر یک با فراوانی 19 و 6 جدایه، و همچنین بیشترین تعداد گونه حاصل به جنس Fusarium با فراوانی شش گونه تعلق داشت. گونه­های قارچی شامل:  Fusarium chlamydosporum،F. proliferatum ، F. incarnatum، F. solani، F. fujikuroi، F. verticillioides، Sarocladium bactrocephalum، Nigrospora sphaerica، N. oryzae، Alternaria alternata، Epicoccum nigrum، Cladosporium cladosporioides هستند. در این میان گونه­های Nigrospora sphaerica، Epicoccum nigrum و Sarocladium bactrocephalum برای اولین­بار در این مطالعه به­عنوان اندوفیت گیاه برنج در ایران گزارش می­شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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