نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده پردیس کشاورزی رازی کرمانشاه
2 دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Objectives: To determine the diversity, density and dominance of weeds and to prepare a map of contaminated areas and assess the risk of invasive weeds as management strategies, to prevent their increase in distribution and to spend the minimum costs were the objectives of this study.
Materials and Methods: First, a list of important areas for growing wheat, chickpeas, rainfed and irrigated in Kuzran city was prepared, then the distribution of this weed by random sampling in one cropping years 2019-2020 in 300 farms of irrigated and rainfed wheat farms and chickpeas of Kermanshah province were selected for sampling. The fields were monitored in such a way as to cover all important areas of wheat and chickpea cultivation in Kuzran city. The selection of farms at a distance of approximately 3-5 km before the emergence of wheat spike gradually began in late April from different parts of the city and continued until late May. Sampling time in different parts of the province was from the beginning of stem emergence to the end of wheat clustering. In order to identify seedlings, they were labeled in the field and seedling identification keys were used to identify them. Factors related to relative abundance, species richness, density and relative uniformity as well as diversity and dominance indices were measured to determine the importance of the mentioned weed species at the farm level. Also, using GIS technique, the distribution map of yellow flower vetch in these areas was drawn.
Results: In addition to yellow vetch, another 21 species of geraminae weeds were observed. The highest average species density with 35.2 plants per square meter and the highest relative abundance of 36.3% is related to Vicia. hyricania and two species Tragopogon major and Melilotus officinalis both with 0.27 and 0.26, respectively, had the lowest mean species density and relative abundance. Also, the most common broadleaf species included Catchweed bedstraw (Galium tricornutum Dandy), yellow vetch (V. hyricania), wild mustard (sinapis arvensis L.) and Makhobeli (Cephalaria syriaca (L) Roemer & Schultes). Uniformity index in irrigated and rainfed wheat fields of Kuzran city of Kermanshah province shows that the differences between species were very close in terms of uniformity and ranged from 0.53 (Sinapis arvensis) to 95% (related to Silybum marianum).
Conclusion: The highest prevalence index was related to the species (V. hyricania) and all other weed species had a dominance index of less than 100. Based on the results obtained, among the species identified in wheat and chickpea fields of Kuzran city, five species with the highest prevalence of Simpson species were introduced as the species with the highest relative importance. Differences in species diversity and dominance indices were related to the amount and type of management operations on farms. Yellow flower vetch and Catchweed bedstraw were identified as the main invasive species.
Objectives: To determine the diversity, density and dominance of weeds and to prepare a map of contaminated areas and assess the risk of invasive weeds as management strategies, to prevent their increase in distribution and to spend the minimum costs were the objectives of this study.
Materials and Methods: First, a list of important areas for growing wheat, chickpeas, rainfed and irrigated in Kuzran city was prepared, then the distribution of this weed by random sampling in one cropping years 2019-2020 in 300 farms of irrigated and rainfed wheat farms and chickpeas of Kermanshah province were selected for sampling. The fields were monitored in such a way as to cover all important areas of wheat and chickpea cultivation in Kuzran city. The selection of farms at a distance of approximately 3-5 km before the emergence of wheat spike gradually began in late April from different parts of the city and continued until late May. Sampling time in different parts of the province was from the beginning of stem emergence to the end of wheat clustering. In order to identify seedlings, they were labeled in the field and seedling identification keys were used to identify them. Factors related to relative abundance, species richness, density and relative uniformity as well as diversity and dominance indices were measured to determine the importance of the mentioned weed species at the farm level. Also, using GIS technique, the distribution map of yellow flower vetch in these areas was drawn.
Results: In addition to yellow vetch, another 21 species of geraminae weeds were observed. The highest average species density with 35.2 plants per square meter and the highest relative abundance of 36.3% is related to Vicia. hyricania and two species Tragopogon major and Melilotus officinalis both with 0.27 and 0.26, respectively, had the lowest mean species density and relative abundance. Also, the most common broadleaf species included Catchweed bedstraw (Galium tricornutum Dandy), yellow vetch (V. hyricania), wild mustard (sinapis arvensis L.) and Makhobeli (Cephalaria syriaca (L) Roemer & Schultes). Uniformity index in irrigated and rainfed wheat fields of Kuzran city of Kermanshah province shows that the differences between species were very close in terms of uniformity and ranged from 0.53 (Sinapis arvensis) to 95% (related to Silybum marianum).
Conclusion: The highest prevalence index was related to the species (V. hyricania) and all other weed species had a dominance index of less than 100. Based on the results obtained, among the species identified in wheat and chickpea fields of Kuzran city, five species with the highest prevalence of Simpson species were introduced as the species with the highest relative importance. Differences in species diversity and dominance indices were related to the amount and type of management operations on farms. Yellow flower vetch and Catchweed bedstraw were identified as the main invasive species.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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