اثر رقم و روش‌های مدیریتی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد برنج

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهم­ترین چالش­ها در سیستم کشت مستقیم برنج وجود علف­های هرز می‌باشد. به­منظور بررسی اثر مدیریت­های مختلف علف هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج در سیستم زراعی کشت مستقیم، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1399 در شهرستان بابلسر (بهنمیر) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل ارقام برنج (شیرودی، خزر و هاشمی) و روش­های مدیریتی در پنج سطح شامل پوشش‌دار کردن بذر با کلرید کلسیم، پوشش­دار کردن بذر با کلرید پتاسیم، وجین، کنترل شیمیایی و شاهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که روش­های مدیریتی علف­های هرز توانستند 63-23 درصد وزن خشک علف­های هرز پهن­برگ و همچنین 36-9 درصد نیز وزن خشک علف­های هرز باریک برگ را نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش دهند. حداکثر درصد سبز شدن در رقم شیرودی با 99، 97 و 95 درصد به­ترتیب تحت تیمارهای وجین، پوشش­دار کردن کلرید پتاسیم و کلرید کلسیم به­دست آمد. همچنین بالاترین سرعت سبز شدن نیز تحت مدیریت وجین و پوشش­دار کردن بذر با کلرید پتاسیم و کلسیم مشاهده شد. بیش­ترین تعداد دانه در خوشه با 127، 124 و 122 عدد به­ترتیب تحت مدیریت­های وجین، پوشش­دار کردن با کلرید پتاسیم و کلرید کلسیم بود. نتایج اثر مدیریت علف هرز نشان داد که  پوشش­دار کردن بذر برنج با کلرید کلسیم و کلرید پتاسیم، کنترل شیمیایی و وجین علف­های هرز به­ترتیب 14، 26، 4 و 33 درصد عملکرد دانه و به­ترتیب 4، 14، 2 و 18 درصد عملکرد بیولوژیک را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داد. به­طورکلی نتایج نشان داد پیش­تیمار با کلرید کلسیم و کلرید پتاسیم موجب بهبود کارکرد بذر و در نتیجه افزایش عملکرد در شرایط کشت مستقیم برنج می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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