شناسایی و سنجش برخی از متابولیت‌های ثانویه اندام‌های ساقه و برگ فرفیون ناجوربرگ (Euphorbia heterophylla) و اثر دگرآسیبی آنها بر علف‌هرز یولاف‌وحشی (Avena ludoviciana)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی زابل

2 زابل

3 مرکز تحقیقات

چکیده

به ‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دگرآسیبی عصاره آبی و الکلی علف­هرز فرفیون ناجوربرگ، آزمایشی در سال 1394و 1395 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان گلستان با طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت گلخانه­ای روی علف­هرز یولاف­وحشی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل نوع اندام (ساقه و برگ)، نوع حلال (آبی و الکلی) و غلظت عصاره فرفیون ناجوربرگ در پنج سطح (0، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد) در نظر گرفته شد. صفات اندازه­گیری شده شامل، ارتفاع، وزن تر برگ، وزن خشک برگ، وزن تر ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه و سطح برگ بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد ارتفاع علف­هرز یولاف، 85 درصد در غلظت 100درصد عصاره الکلی برگ نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافته و بعبارتی بیشترین بازدارندگی را داشته است، وزن تر برگ تحت تأثیر عصاره آبی ساقه در غلظت 100 درصد بیشترین و عصاره آبی برگ در تیمار شاهد کمترین اثر را داشته است. صفات وزن خشک برگ، وزن تر ساقه و وزن خشک ساقه تحت تأثیر عصاره الکلی برگ در غلظت 50 و 100 درصد بیشترین بازدارندگی و در عصاره آبی ساقه در غلظت 25 درصد و شاهد کمترین تأثیر را داشته و سطح برگ تحت تأثیر اثرات نوع اندام در غلظت عصاره در سطح 100درصد عصاره برگ بیشترین و در سطح 25 درصد عصاره ساقه کمترین بازدارندگی را داشته است. همچنین در این آزمایش متابولیت­های ثانویه از قبیل ، ساپونین، استروئید و ترپنوئید در عصاره آبی و الکلی علف هرز فرفیون تشخیص داده شد و اندازه­گیری کمی میزان فنل و فلاونوئید نشان داد که میزان این متابولیت­ها در عصاره آبی و الکلی ساقه بیشتر از برگ بوده است. بطور کلی بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از این بررسی می­توان از عصاره الکلی برگ علف­هرز فرفیون ناجوربرگ در کاهش رشد علف­هرز یولاف­وحشی بهره جست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and Measurement of Some Secondary Metabolites of Stems and Leaves of Euphorbia Heterophylla and Their Allelopathy Effects on Avena Ludoviciana L.

نویسندگان [English]

  • tina PARTANI 1
  • seyed mohsen mousavinik 2
  • Mohamad Galavi 2
  • Ahmad Ghanbari 2
  • Masoume Younesabadi 3
1 Zabol
2 zabol
3 Research center
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The use of allelopathic materials has been a favorite natural herbicide for plant scientists. The effect of these natural compounds is more than artificial compoundsdue to its water-soluble and halogen-free characteristics. Regarding the increasing resistance of weeds to herbicides, application ofallelopathic method can reduce the use of artificial herbicides and prevent environmental degradation. The purpose of this study was investigation of using Euphorbia heterophylla metabolites in growth and germination control of weed Avena Ludoviciana in farms
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the allelopathy effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of (heterophylla Euphorbia), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Golestan (Gorgan city) Province during 2014 and 2015 with a completely randomized design under greenhouse condition on Avena ludoviciana with three replications. The treatments in this experiments were the plant species organs at 2 levels (dry powdered of leaf and stem), solvent type for preparing extracts at 2 levels (water and alcohol(methanol)) and  the extract concentrations at 5 levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentage).The measured traits included height, leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, stem wet weight, stem dry weight and leaf area. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of Euphorbiaheterophylla  were obtained by dipping of dried material in the special solvents  in dark place at room temprature for three days and finally, filtration with muslin cloths. The prepared extracts was stored in 4 degree centigrad refrigerator. This extrat was considered as stock solution and the rest concentrations were preapared from this solution.The extracts sprayed on the target plant (Avenaludoviciana) as post-emergence at 3-4 leaved stages.Total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method  and the total flavonoid content of the extracts was surveyed by a colorometric method based on aluminum chloride.Finally, the relative recognition of the nature of plant compounds was done by chemical methods and colorimetry.The data were analyzed with  SAS, 9.9  software and the means were compared to eache other using LSD (least significant difference) at (p < 0.05) and the graphes was drawn with Excel software.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results of the analysis of variance, except for leaf area of Avena ludoviciana which was affected by the treatments at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05), all the measured traits were significantly affected by the treatments at 99% confidence level (p < 0.01).  In general, the results of this study showed that the aqueous extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla stem and leaves had no inhibitory effects on the measured traits at zero levels (control treatment), but the growth and germination of Avena ludoviciana was inhibited by the leaf alcoholic extract and stem aqueous extract at 50 and 100% concentration. These extracts significantly decreased plant height, stem fresh weight, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight of Avena ludoviciana. The highest effect was observed on Avena ludoviciana leaf area at 100% concentration of leaf extract and the lowest effect was observed at 75% concentration of stem extract. The results of phytochemical experiments of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of the leaves indicated that the aqueous extract of leaves and stems followed by alcoholic extract of leaves had the highest phenolic compounds and also highest antioxidant properties, respectively. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that, further research must be carried out on the identification and mechanism of action of Euphorbia heterophylla allelopathic compound and their effects on Avena ludoviciana seedlings growth. Thus, it can be used as an alternative source of antioxidant compounds in the organic fertilizer industry.
Conclusions Based on the phytochemical experiments conducted in this study, the existence of secondary metabolites in the Euphorbiaheterophylla extracts was proved. The obtained results from the different extracts (aqueous extract of stem, aqueous extract of leaf, alcoholic extract of stem and alcoholic extract of leaf) showed thatthe alcoholic extracts of leaves significantly affected the growth traits of Avenaludovicianamore than the rest of extracts.It seems that attempting to accurately identify the chemical nature of the allelopathic compounds present in different organs of Euphorbiaheterophyllaand the factors that affecting these compounds can lead to the other studies based on biological weed management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Secondary metabolites
  • phytochemical
  • Solution
  • Allelopathy
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