بررسی فلور و ساختار جوامع علف‌های هرز مزارع گل‌گاوزبان (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.) شهرستان آزادشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

چکیده

گل‌گاوزبان ایرانی  (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.) از گیاهان خانواده Boraginaceae می‌باشد در مناطق مختلف ایران پراکنش دارد و در طب سنتی به ‌کار می‌رود. پوشش‌های گیاهی علف‌های هرز در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی از تعداد زیادی گونه تشکیل‌ شده است که در واکنش به عملیات زراعی ظهور پیدا کرده‌اند. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی ساختار جوامع و تنوع گونه‌ای علف‌های هرز مزارع گل‌گاوزبان شهرستان آزادشهر در سال ۱۴۰۱ انجام شد. بدین منظور، تعداد 20 مزرعه گل‌گاوزبان در منطقه آزادشهر در چهار جهت جغرافیایی (شمال، جنوب، شرق و غرب) انتخاب و گونه‌های علف‌های هرز، براساس الگوی W در این مزارع نمونه‌برداری و شناسایی شدند. با استفاده از روابط موجود، تراکم، فراوانی، یکنواختی و غالبیت هرگونه محاسبه شد. در هر مزرعه، طول و عرض جغرافیایی و ارتفاع از سطح دریای مکان مورد نمونه‌برداری توسط دستگاه GPS ثبت شد. اطلاعات به‌دست‌‌آمده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار GIS پردازش و نقشه پراکنش تمام علف‌های هرز مزارع گل‌گاوزبان تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در مزارع گل‌گاوزبان شهرستان آزادشهر، 19 گونه علف‌هرز متعلق به 12 خانواده گیاهی وجود داشت که 57/31 درصد متعلق به خانواده گندمیان (Poaceae)، 52/10 درصد متعلق به خانواده کاسنی (Asteraceae)، 52/10 درصد متعلق به خانواده هفت‌بندیان (Polygonaceae) و بقیه به نُه خانواده گیاهی دیگر تعلق داشتند. در مجموع، 68 درصد گونه­ها یک‌ساله، 32 درصد چندساله، که 68 درصد دولپه و 32 درصد تک‌لپه بودند. بیشترین تراکم علف‌هرز مربوط به علف‌های هرز پنجه‌مرغی (Cynodon dactylon)، پیچک‌مزرعه (Convolvulus arvensis) و سلمه‌تره Chenopodium album)) به‌ترتیب به‌مقدار 40/2، 36/2 و 30/2 بوته در مترمربع بود. همچنین علف‌های هرز پنجه مرغی، پیچک‌‌مزرعه و سلمه‌تره بیشترین غالبیت نسبی را در بین 19 گونه علف‌هرز داشتند؛ این علف‌های هرز به‌ترتیب دارای 49/22، 31/22 و 91/21 درصد غالبیت نسبی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

 

https://doi.org/10.22067/JPP.2025.89616.1203

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