ارزیابی گرده کلزاBrassica napus به‌عنوان مکمل روی کیفیت سن شکارگر Orius laevigatus Fieber (Hem.: Anthocoridae) پرورش یافته در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی،دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران

10.22067/jpp.2024.88727.1198

چکیده

دانه گرده گیاهان جایگزین و مکمل غذایی مهمی برای تولیدمثل شکارگران مختلف از جمله سن­های شکارگر می­باشد. امروزه سن شکارگر Orius laevigatus، یک عامل مهارگر زیستی تجاری شده برای مهار آفات گلخانه­ای به­ویژه تریپس غربی گل استفاده می­شود. به این لحاظ، جدول زندگی این شکارگر، تحت تأثیر پنج رژیم غذایی شامل دانه گرده کلزا، تخم­های Ephestia kuehniella Zeller ،Sitotroga cerealella Oliveir ، تخمE. Kuehniell  + دانه گرده کلزا و تخم S. cerealella + دانه گرده کلزا، در شرایط دمایی °C 1±25، رطوبت نسبی 10±55 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و هشت ساعت تاریکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تجزیه داده­ها براساس روش جدول زندگی سن-مرحله دو جنسی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان طول عمر 01/1±14/27 روز و تعداد تخم گذاشته شده 24/9±75/89 عدد در تغذیه با تخم بید آرد و دانه گرده کلزا محاسبه شد. بیشترین مقدار پراسنجه نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r)، 008/0±196/0 (ماده/ ماده/­ روز) در تیمار تخم بید آرد همراه با دانه گرده کلزا و کمترین مقدار در تیمار دانه گرده کلزا 017/0±016/0 (ماده/ ماده/ روز) مشاهده شد. بالاترین مقادیر نرخ خالص تولید­­مثل (R0) و نرخ ناخالص تولید­مثل (GRR) به‌ترتیب 21/6±45/38 و 7/9±6/67 (تخم/ فرد) در تغذیه با ترکیب تخم بید آرد و دانه گرده کلزا محاسبه شد. طول دوره مراحل زیستی، نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ)، مدت زمان یک نسل (T) دارای تفاوت معنی­دار، امّا نسبت جنسی فاقد تفاوت معنی­دار آماری در تمام تیمارها بود. با توجه به تفاوت­های آماره­های رشد سن شکارگر O. laevigatus در تغذیه با تخم بید آرد و دانه گرده کلزا، به نظر می­رسد که این رژیم تغذیه­ای می­تواند گزینه مناسبی برای پرورش این شکارگر در انسکتاریوم­ها باشد. به امید آنکه با بومی­سازی این شکارگر بتوان در مهار آفات گلخانه­ای کشور قدم مؤثری برداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Brassica napus Pollen as a Supplement on the Quality of the Predatory Bug Orius laevigatus Fieber (Hem.: Anthocoridae) Reared in Laboratory Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zolikha Mirzakhani 1
  • Mohammad khanjani 1
  • Mohammad Mehrabadi 2
  • Alireza Sazmand 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Pollen grain is an important food alternative and supplementary food for the reproduction of different predators, including predatory bugs. Today, Orius laevigatus Fieber is a commercialy biocontrol agent agains various pests of greenhouse crops, especially western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). This species does not enter reprodctive diapause allows it to successfully suppress thrips populations all year round, it can be an important factor in the integrated pest management of greenhouse pests. The first step in the implementation of a successful biological control program is the basic study of the biology of the biological agents, in order to better understand the behavior, biology, and ecology of insects and improve pest management strategies, it is necessary to study the effect quality of food on the growth, survival and reproduction of predators. These effects could be evaluated by calculating the demographic parameters, especially the intrinsic rate of increase (r) on predatory bug, reminded that the demographic parameters are affected by the quality of artificial diet and are very useful indicators for evaluation the suitability of diet. This research was conducted to study artificial diets on developmental time, fecundity, survival rate, and life table parameters of O. laevigatus and choosing the best suitable diet to optimize the mass rearing of this predatory bug.
 
Materials and Methods
The primary colony of O. laevigatus was obtained from the released buges in the sweet pepper greenhouse located in Flavarjan city, Isfahan Province. Insects reared on five diets including (eggs of Ephestia kuehniella, eggs of Sitotroga cerealella, Canlola pollen, eggs of E. kuehniella + Canola pollen and eggs of S. cerealella + canola pollen), in the growth chamber at 25 ± 1 ˚C, 55 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod 16: 8 h (L: D) and the parameters of age-stage, two sex life table of the insect were determined. The life table study was done with 100 identical eggs of the same age. After hatching, instar nymphs were fed on the mentioned diets every day. The data of Life table were analyzed according to the theory age -stage, two sex life table and statistically significant differences between different levels of diets were performed in the same software using the Paired Bootstrap test method at a five percent probability level.analysis of statistical differences between different levels of competition were performed in the same software using the Paired Bootstrap test method at a probability level of 5%. It should be mentioned that sex ratio on five diets, it was analyzed based on the Chi-Square test in SAS 9.4 software.
 
Results and Discussion
Analyses showed that the type of diet affected the duration of all nymphal period of O. laevigatus significantly. Total developmental time was significantly faster for O. laevigatus that fed on Ephestia kuehniella eggs + canola pollen compared with the other investigated treatments (8.85). Also, the longest development time was recorded when individuals fed on Canola pollen-only, showed a lag of about 8–9 days for females and males. Analysis of age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj) of O. laevigatus reared on different diets showed that although curves were similar among the artificial diets and overlapped with each other. The survival rate of immature and adult stages was highest when fed with E. kuehniella eggs + canola pollen. The highest lifetime fecundity (89.75eggs/female) was recorded for females fed E. kuehniella eggs + canola pollen and was significantly better than all other diets. The next best was Sitotroga cerealella eggs + canola pollen at 54.23 eggs/female. The poorest diet was Canola pollen alone (22.88 eggs/female). The intrinsic rate of a natural increase (r), net reproductive rate (Ro), and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were greater E. kuehniella eggs + canola pollen with than other diets. Research has shown that the reproduction and survival rate of natural enemies (predator/parasitoid) change significantly by feeding on pollen from different plants and this is because of the protein in pollen, which is high in canola pollen.
 
Conclusions
The most obvious finding that emerged from this study is that E. kuehniella eggs plus Canola pollen is the most appropriate diet due to its acceleration the development, high immature stages survivorship, and high reproduction rate. Canola pollen is an accessible and cheap food source that indicated alone was not accepted as suitable food and can be well included in the diet and as a supplementary diet and can also reduce the costs of mass production of the predator.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • Life table
  • Mass rearing
  • Optimal diet

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

  

https://doi.org/10.22067/jpp.2024.88727.1198

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