مقایسه کارائی متوکسی‌فنوزاید با چند حشره‌کش در کنترل کرم خوشه‌خوار انگور در شرایط مزرعه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی تهران، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، مشهد

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه

4 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، قزوین

چکیده

کرم خوشه­خوار انگور (Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller) یکی از آفات مهم انگور در ایران و جهان می‌باشد که خسـارت قابـل­توجهی را به محصـول وارد می­کند. در راستای ثبت آفت­کش‌های جدید و تنوع بخشی به سبد آفت‌کش­ها در کشور، تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی کارائی حشره­کش متوکسی­فنوزاید (SC24%) در مقایسه با اسپینوزاد (SC24%)، حشره­کش میکروبی Bt و حشره­کش ترکیبی "لوفنورون+فنوکسی‌کارب" (لوفوکس®) (EC10.5%) انجام شد. متوکسی­فنوزاید از حشره­کش­های شبه هورمون پوست­اندازی است و در گروه ترکیبات مختل­کننده رشد حشرات قرار می­گیرد که باعث پوست­اندازی ناقص در لارو پروانه­ها و در نهایت مرگ حشره می­شود. پروژه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار روی نسل دوم آفت در سه منطقه دیزج دول (ارومیه)، دهنوک تاکستان (قزوین) و خلیل­آباد (خراسان رضوی) در سال 1399 اجرا شد. کارآئی تیمارها بر اساس میزان آلودگی خوشه­ها انجام شد. بدین منظور 3، 7، 14 و 21 روز پس از سمپاشی، ابتدا تعداد کل خوشه­های هر تیمار شمارش و سپس نسبت خوشه‌های آلوده به کل خوشه­ها تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که متوکسی­فنوزاید در بیشتر موارد در 14 و 21 روز پس از سمپاشی کارائی قابل توجهی دارد. البته در بازه زمانی اشاره شده، کارائی متوکسی فنوزاید با اسپینوزاد و لوفوکس اختلاف معنی­داری از لحاظ آماری وجود نداشت. به عنوان مثال در ارومیه کارائی متوکسی­فنوزاید (75/0 در­هزار) در 14 روز پس از سمپاشی 72/78 درصد محاسبه شد که با کارائی اسپینوزاد (63/80 درصد) و لوفوکس (04/81 درصد) از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی­داری نداشت، بنابراین تا یک هفته پس از سمپاشی، انتظار قابل­توجهی از متوکسی‌فنوزاید نباید داشت. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که کارائی متوکسی­فنوزاید با هر دو غلظت برای کنترل کرم خوشه­خوار انگور از سطح قابل قبولی برای ثبت در کشور برخوردار می­باشد، اما با توجه به سیاست کلان ورود کمتر آفت­کش­ها به محیط زیست، بنابراین توصیه می­شود این حشره­کش با غلظت (5/0 در­هزار)، علیه این آفت مصرف شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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