این پژوهش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار شامل وجین علفهای هرز (تیمارهای عاری از علفهرز) و نیز تداخل علفهای هرز (تیمارهای آلوده به علفهرز) طی 16، 32، 48، 64، 80 و 96 روز ابتدای فصل رشد (از زمان کاشت نعناع فلفلی) با سه تکرار اجرا شد. گونههای غالب علفهرز عبارت از سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.)، دمروباهی زرد (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.)، اویارسلام یکساله (Cyperus difformis L.)، علف خرچنگ (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop)، بندواش (Paspalum distichum L.)، توق (Xanthium strumarium L.)، فرفیون (Euphorbia indica Lam.)، و تاجخروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) بودند. در تیمارهایی که 32 تا 96 روز ابتدای فصل رشد عاری از علفهرز بودند و نیز تیمارهایی که فقط 16 و یا 32 روز ابتدای فصل رشد در شرایط آلوده به علفهرز قرار گرفتند، بیشترین ارتفاع (2/71 سانتیمتر) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (1870 کیلگرم در هکتار) نعناع فلفلی مشاهده شد. تعداد نهایی گره در ساقه (22 گره) تحت تأثیر کنترل و یا تداخل علفهای هرز قرار نگرفت. در تیمارهایی که 32 تا 96 روز وجین دستی علفهای هرز صورت گرفت و نیز تیمارهایی که 16 تا حداکثر 48 روز آلوده به علفهرز بودند، بیشترین تعداد شاخه فرعی (1/37) مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک نعناع فلفلی هنگام برداشت نهایی (62/193 گرم در متر مربع) در تیمارهایی ثبت شد که 48 تا 96 روز وجین شده بودند و یا فقط 16 تا 32 روز ابتدای فصل رشد در شرایط آلوده به علفهرز قرار گرفته بودند. بیشترین مقدار درصد و عملکرد اسانس (38/3 درصد و 30/68 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمارهای 64، 80 و 96 روز عاری از علفهرز مشاهده شد. رقابت تمام فصل علفهای هرز سبب کاهش ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس نعناع فلفلی بهترتیب به میزان 5/13، 1/61، 3/91، 3/86 و 8/98 درصد نسبت به تیمار کنترل تمامفصل علفهای هرز شد. این نتایج حاکی از اهمیت کنترل علفهای هرز در نعناع فلفلی است؛ چنانکه با پذیرش 5 درصد اُفت مجاز عملکرد، کنترل علفهای هرز از 22 تا 49 روز و با پذیرش 10 درصد اُفت عملکرد، کنترل از 29 تا 42 روز پس از کاشت گیاهچههای نعناع فلفلی ضروری بود.
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