بررسی ویژگی‌های ژرم پلاسم گندم دیم جهت مقاومت به بیماری زنگ زرد در اردبیل

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 مربی، بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

زنگ زرد با عامل P. striiformis f. sp. tritici یکی از مهم­ترین بیماری­های برگی گندم است که کاهش عملکرد قابل توجهی را در نواحی گندم خیز سراسر جهان موجب می­شود. در ایران نیز در سال­های همه­گیری، بیماری زنگ زرد یکی از عوامل مهم کاهش عملکرد گندم به شمار می­رود. مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین منابع مقاومت ژنتیکی نسبت به زنگ زرد انجام شده است، تا برنامه به­نژادی برای آزادسازی رقم با موفقیت بیشتری انجام شود. ژرم پلاسم گندم دیم شامل 191 لاین پیشرفته و امیدبخش (شامل گندم نان زمستانه، بهاره و گندم دوروم) تحت شرایط مزرعه­ای در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی آلاروق اردبیل طی سال زراعی 1394-95 ارزیابی شدند. در ارزیابی­های مزرعه­ای برای مقایسه لاین­ها از مقادیر نسبی سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (rAUDPC) استفاده شد. همان تعداد ژرم پلاسم، در مرحله گیاهچه­ای نیز برای پاتوتیپ­های­6E158A+  و 6E150A+, Yr27 در شرایط گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. هر دو تیپ مقاومت مرحله گیاهچه و گیاه بالغ در بین لاین­های مورد بررسی شناسائی شدند. واکنش گیاهچه­ای نشان داد که تعداد 34 لاین (18­%) دارای مقاومت گیاهچه­ای نسبت به هر دو پاتوتیپ و با احتمال وجود ژن­/ژن­های مقاومت Yr3v، Yr3a،Yr4a ، Yr4، Yr5، Yr10، Yr15، Yr16، YrCV و YrSD ­می­باشند. تعداد 23 ژنوتیپ در مرحله گیاهچه­ای در برابر حداقل یک پاتوتیپ حساس بوده و در مرحله گیاه بالغ واکنش مقاومت با مقادیر پایین rAUDPC (0-10) نشان دادند و به عنوان ارقام دارای مقاومت گیاه بالغ (APR) انتخاب شدند. همچنین تعداد 27 ژنوتیپ در مرحله گیاه بالغ مقادیر متوسط rAUDPC (11-30) و در مرحله گیاهچه­ای در برابر حداقل یک پاتوتیپ حساس بودند و به عنوان گروه دارای مقاومت تدریجی (SR) انتخاب شدند. بقیه ژنوتیپ­ها دارای مقادیر بالای rAUDPC و یا بدون مقاومت گیاهچه­ای بودند. منابع ژنتیکی امیدبخش برای تجمیع هر دو تیپ مقاومت جهت دستیابی به مقاومت پایدار و کنترل پایدار علیه زنگ زرد در ایران استفاده خواهند شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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