Identification of Four Species of the Tylenchidae Family in Potato Fields of Friedan Region in Isfahan Province

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• H.R. Maroufi Marouf abadi
• esmat mahdikhani moghadam
• H. Rouhani

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad

10.22067/jpp.2021.31223.0

Abstract

Introduction: The potato is one of the most dicotyledonous human nutrition, and this product is in fifth grade under the cultivation area. Isfahan province is one of the most strategically located areas for the production of potato. Potato suffered by several diseases that directly or indirectly caused by number of pest, including plant parasitic nematodes. The most important damage and parasitic nematodes in potato fields are cyst forming nematode Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida , root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp, tuber and stem rot nematodes Ditylenchus destructor and  D.dipsaci and root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus spp, respectively. However, many other species are found associated with potato, such as Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Xiphinema spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Radopholus similis, Logidorus spp. Most of these have not been property assessed. There are no specific above ground symptoms of diagnostic value associated with potato nematode infections. However, root injury causes stress and reduces uptake of water and nutrients which in turn causes stunting, yellowing and other discoloration and wilting of the foliage under drought conditions. Karimipoor (2012) identified and determined the density population internal parasitic nematodes in the potato fields of Isfahan. Also, Erfani Porghasemi et al. (2011) identified plant parasitic nematodes in potato fields in Khorasan Razavi province. Giti and et al. (1390) try to identify and report golden potato cyst nematode occurrence (Globodera rostochiensis) and its distribution in Hamadan province. The aim of this study was to identify plant parasitic nematodes of potato fields in Friedan region in Isfahan province.
Materials and Methods: Soil sampling: In order to identify plant parasitic nematodes of potato fields in Friedan region in Isfahan province, 115 soil samples and root samples were collected during spring and summer of 2013 and 2014. Soil samples were taken from the depth of 30 cm put in polyethylene bags with necessary labeled and brought to the laboratory and processed. Processing of samples: Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by sieving and centrifugal flotation technique and from root samples by using blender and centrifuge and  were then transferred to glycerin according to the modified De Grisse method (1969). Genera and species were identified based on morphological and morphometric characters. Species were heat- killed by adding boiling 4% formalin solution and were then transferred to anhydrous glycerin according to De Grisse (1969). The permanent slides were prepared from the extracted nematodes. Measurements and drawing were performed using a drawing tube attached to an "Olympus BH2" light microscope (LM).  .
Measurements and drawing: Measurements were taken with an ocular micrometer of "Olympus BH2" model microscope. Drawing were prepared with drawing tube attached to the compound microscope. The nematodes were identified by light microscope based on morphological and morphometric characters.
Results and Discussion: In this study, 12 species belonging to 4 genera of the family Tylenchidae, related to infra order Tylenchomorpha were identified as follows: Boleodorus thylactus and B. hyderi , Discotylenchus brevicaudatus, D. attenuatus and D. discretus,  Filenchus afghanicus, F. balcarceanus, F. qurtus, F. vulgaris, F. thornei and F. pratensis and Tylenchus naranensis.
In which, four species Bolodorus hyderi, Discotylenchus attenuatus, Filenchus balcarceanus and Tylenchus naranensis are described and two species Boledorus hyderi and Filenchus balcarceanus are reported as new records for fauna nematodes of Iran. Species were identified by valid key (Geraert, 2008). Morphological and morphometric measurements of B. hyderi specimens have been in close agreement to the measurements given by Geraert (2008). This species was compared with the close species Boleodorus volutus. Studied species was similar to the close species tail shape but differ in stylet length and vulva slit situation so that the length of stylet in studied species was more than B. volutus (The length of the style in discussed species is 9-11um and in the similar species is 8-9 um). In addition, vulva slit situation differ in studied these species. V factor is 59 -65 in studied species and 76-79 in the close species. Therefore, population under study was identified as B. hyderi.  This species was collected from soil around roots of potato fields (Abasabad-Chadgan) in Friedan region of Isfahan province as a new record from Iran. In this study, the specimens of F. balcarceanus were collected from soil around roots of potato fields (Geshnizjan-Chadgan) in Friedan region of Isfahan province showed a close resemblance in the morphometric measurements to the original description given by Geraert (2008) with slight variation. This species was compared with close species Filenchus butteus, Filenchus teres and Filenhus retusus. In the species F. butteus, lateral filed marked by four incisures, not areolated delimiting three bands of equal width but in similar species, body has two lateral fields. The length of stylet in studied species was more than F. teres and F. retusus (Stylet length in discussed species is 9 um and in two other species is 7 um).  This species was reported for the first time in Iran.
Conclusion: In this study, 12 species from 4 genera of the family of Tylenchidae were identified. Among these genera and species, four species including Bleodorus hyderi, Discotylenchus attenuatus, Filenchus balcarceanus and Tylenchus naranensis are described and two species Bleodorus hyderi and Filenchus balcarceanus are reported as new records for Iran nematode fauna.

Keywords

• Iran
• Potato
• Plant parasitic nematodes
• Tylenchidae

20.1001.1.20084749.1400.35.1.2.7

---

References

1. Akhyani A., and Naderi A. 1986. Fauna of harmful nematodes of potatoes in the Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Province, Proceedings of the Eighth Congress of Plant Protection. University of Isfahan, 130.

2. Damad Zadeh M., and Akhyani A. 1989. Study populations of the nematode Pratylenchus neglectus and Meloidogyne javanica in the potato fields of Isfahan and Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Proceedings of the ninth Congress of Plant Protection. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 177.

3. De Grisse A.T. 1969. Redescriptionou modification de quelques techniques utiliseesdans L^,etude des nematodes phytoparasitaires.  MededRijksfaculteit der landbouwetenschappen .Gent 34: 351-369.

4. Geraert E. 2008. Identification of the family Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Academia press, Gent Belgie: 540pp.

5. Erfani Porghsemi A., Mahdikhani- Moghadam E., and Rouhani H. 2010. Identified four species of Belonolaimidae nematode from potato fields of Razavi Khorasan province. Journal of Plant Protection Science 25(3): 243-249.

6. Erfani Porghasemi V., Mahdikhani- Moghadam E., and Rouhani H. 2011. Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in potato fields in Razavi Khorasan province. Journal of Plant Protection Science 24(4): 377-384.

7. Giti M., Tanha Moafi Z., Arjmand A., and Pishhor SH. 2011. Golden potato cyst nematode occurrence (Globodera rostochiensis) and distribution of them in Hamedan province. Biotechnology in Agriculture10(1): 53-61.

8. Golhasan B., Heydari R., Esmaeili M., and Ghorbanzad H. 2016. Description of four species of Tylenchidae Orley, 1880 (Nematode:Tylenchomorpha) with two new records from Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 5: 627-642.

9. Hajizadeh M., Abdollahi A., and Karegar A. 2015. First report of Tylenchus naranensis from Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 51(2): 281-283.

10. Husain S.I., and Khan A.M. 1965. Two new species of Boleodorus Thome, 1941 (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) from India. In Proc. Helm. Soc. Washington 32: 176-179.

11. Jenkins W.R. 1964. A rapid centrifugal flotation technique of separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Report48: 622pp.

12. Maqbool M.R., Zarin B., and Ghazala P. 1987. Description of Tylenchus naranensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchina). Journal Nematology of Pakistan 5(1): 1-4.

13. Panahandeh Y., Pourjam E., Aliramji F., and Pedram M. 2015. Data on some members of the family Tylenchidae (Nematode: Tylenchina) from Iran. Biologia (Section Zoology), 70(10): 1376-1387.

14. Rahimi M., HojatJalali A.A., Tanha.Moafi Z., AbdollahZadeh J., and Ghaderi R. 2012 Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in potato fields of Ghorveh, Dehgolan and Bijar cities and tracking the potato cyst nematode in this area. Proceedings of the twentieth Congress of Plant Protection. The second volume, plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz: 729.

15. SIDDIQI M.R.1980. Two new nematode genera Safianema (Anguinidae) and Discotylenchus (Tylenchidae) with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society and Washington 47(1): 85-94.

16. Sturhan D., and Brzeski V. 1991. Ditylenchus. In: Nickle W.R. (ed.) Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York: 423–464.

17 .Tanha Moafi Z., Omati F., and Parvizi R. 2005. Inter parasitic nematodes and population density in potato fields of Tehran, Semnan (Shahrood) and West Azerbaijan provinces, Journal of Plant Diseases 41: 425-435.

18. Torres M.S., and Geraert E. 1996. Tylenchidae from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nematologica 42(1): 42-61.