Evaluation of Invasive plant Centaurea balsamita cold Acclimated in the falling to freezing stress

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of freezing stresses on invasive plant of Centaurea balsamita, an experiment was performed as factorial, based on completely randomized design with five replications at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture during 2014. In this experiment Centaurea balsamita after their period of cold acclimation in the falling exposed to seven freezing temperatures (0, -3, -6, -9, -12, -15 and -18 °C). Potted plants were grown in natural conditions and maintained for acclimation, until 2-4 and 4-8 leaf stages and then, the plants were placed in a thermogradian freezer in different chilling and the freezing temperature (FT) regimes. The cytoplasm membrane stability of Centaurea balsamita was evaluated using electrolyte leakage; then the lethal temperature of 50% of samples was determined based on leakage percentage (LT50el). Survival percentage was evaluated by counting the number of live plants in each pot. Then, at the end of the recovery period, the lethal temperature for 50% of survival percentage (LT50su) and reduction temperature for 50% of dry weight (RDMT50) were determined (three weeks after the application of freezing treatment). According to the results of the first experiment, temperature reduction from -12 °C to -15 °C leads to significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in electrolyte leakage of Centaurea balsamita. In addition, temperature reduction from -9 °C to -12 °C results in significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in survival percentage and biomass of Centaurea balsamita. The results showed that LT50el, LT50su and RDMT50 of cold acclimated Centaurea balsamita in fall conditions were -13.2 °C, -126 °C and -11.8 °C, respectively.

Keywords


1- Abbasian A., Asadi G., and Gorbani R. 1395. The effect of temperature on some germination index of invasive plant of Centaurea balsamita and determination of its germination Cardinal Temperatures. Iranian journal of seed science and technology. 5 (2): 215-222.
2- Anderson J. A., Taliaferro C. M., and Martin D. L. 1993. Evaluating freeze tolerance of bermudagrass in a controlled environment. Horticultural Science. 28:955.
3- Azizi H., Nezami A., Nassiri M., and Khazaie H. R. 2007. Evaluation of cold tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under controlled conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 5: 109-121. (In Persian with English summary).
4- Baeka K.H., and Skinner D.Z. 2003. Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression during cold acclimation of near-isogenic wheat lines. Plant science. 165: 1221-1227.
5- Bethany A., Bradley David S., and Oppenheimer M. 2010. Climate change increases risk of plant invasion in the Eastern United States. Biology Invasions. 12:1855–1872.
6- Bridger G.M., Falk D.E., Mckersie B.D., and Smith D.L. 1996. Crown freezing tolerance and field winter survival of winter cereals in eastern Canada. Crop science. 36:150-157.
7- Cardona C.A., Duncan R.R., and Lindstorm O. 1997. Low temperature tolerance assessment in paspalm. Crop Science. 37:1283-1291.
8- Chen T.H., Gusta L.V., and Fowler D.B. 1983. Freezing injury and root development in winter cereals. Journal of Plant Physiology. 73: 773-777.
9- Dai X., Xu Y. Ma Q., Xu W., Wang T., Xue Y., and Chong K. 2007. Overexpression of an R1R2R3 MYB gene, OsMYB3R-2, increases tolerance to freezing, drought, and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Journal of Plant Physiology 143:1739-1751.
10- Eugenia M., Nunes S., and Ray Smith G. 2003. Electrolyte leakage assay capable of quantifying freezing resistance in Rose Clover. Crop Science.43:1349-1357.
11- Fowler D.B., Gusta L.V., and Tyler N.J. 1981. Selection for winter hardiness in wheat. III. Screening methods. Crop Science. 21, 896-901.
12- Griffith M., and McIntyre C.H. 1993. The interrelationship of growth and frost tolerance in winter rye. Journal of Plant Physiology. 87: 335-344.
13- Hekneby M., Antolin M.C., and Sanchez-Diaz M. 2006. Frost resistance and biochemical changes during cold acclimation in different annual legumes. Environmental and Experimental Botany.55: 305-314.
14- Izadi E., Nezami A., Abbassian A., and Haydari M. 2013 Investigation of wild oat fitness to freezing stress using of electrolyte leakage Index. Environmental stress in crop science. 5 (1): 81-94. (In Persian with English summary).
15- Levitt J. 1980. Chilling injury and resistance. Vol. 1. PP. 23-64 .In Kozlowsky, T.T. (eds.) Chilling, Freezing and High Temperature Stresses. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses. Academic Press, New York.
16- Kheirkhah T., Nezami A., Kafi M., and Asadi GH. A. 2015. Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in Field Grown Mentha (Mentha piperita L.) under Laboratory Conditions by Electrolyte Leakage Test. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13(2): 269-277. (In Persian with English summary).
17- Mahfoozi S., Limin A. E., Hayes P. M., Hucl P., and Fowler D. B. 2000. Influence of photoperiod response on the expression of cold hardiness in wheat and barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80: 721-724.
18- Moorby J. 1981. Transport systems in plant. Longman Pub. New York.
19- Murata N., and Los D.A. 1997. Membrane fluidity and temperature perception. Plant Physiology. 115: 875-879.
20- Nezami A., Borzooei A., Jahani M., and Azizi M. 2007. Evaluation of freezing tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under controlled conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Res. 5(1): 167-175. (In Persian with English summary).
21- Nezami A. and Naghedinia, N. 2011. Effects of freezing stress on electrolyte leakage of sufflower genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 8(6): 891-896. (In persian with English summary).
22- Nezami A., Soleimani M. R., Ziaee M., Ghodsi M., and Bannayan M. 2010. Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance of Hexaploid Triticale Genotypes under Controlled Conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 114-120.
23- Paull R.E. 1981. Temperature induced leakage from chilling–sensitive and chilling-resistant plant. Plant Physiology. 68:149-153.
24- Perras M., and Sarhan F.1988. Synthesis of freezing tolerance proteins in leaves, crown and roots during cold acclimation of wheat. Plant Physiology. 89:577-585.
25- Rashed M.H., Nezami A., Bagheri A., Haj mohammadnia K., and Bannayan M. 2009. Evaluation of freezing tolerance of two fennel (Foeniculum vulgar L.) ecotypes under controlled conditions. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 15:131–140.
26- Rechinger KH. 1979. Compositae-Cynareae. In: Rechinger KH, editor. Flora Iranica. vol. 139a, Akademische Druckund Verlagsanstalt. 331 – 333.
27- Rife C.L., and Zeinali H. 2003. Cold tolerance in oilseed rape over varying acclimation durations. Crop Science. 43:96–100.
28- Shashikumar K., and Nus J.L. 1993. Cultivar and winter cover effects on bermudagrass cold acclimation and crown moisture content. Crop Science. 33:813-817.
29-Turkoglu N., Alp E., and Cıg A. 2009. Effect of temperature on germınatıon bıology ın Centaurea specıes. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 (3), pp. 259-261.
30- Uemura M., Tominaga Y., Nakagawara C., Shigematsu S., Minami A., and Kawamura Y. 2006. Responses of plasma membrane to low temperature. Physiologia Plantarum. 126:81-89.
31- Wagenitz G. 2006. A Revision of Centaurea (Compositae-Cardueae) in the Flora of Iraq. Rostaniha, Vol. 7 (2): 390-391.
32- Ya Li H. D., and Gan Yao Q. W. 2011. Impacts of Invasive Plants on Ecosystems in Natural Reserves in Jiangsu of China. Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 133–137.
33- Yoshida M., Abe J., Moriyama M., and Kuwabara T. 1998. Carbohydrate levels among winter wheat cultivars varying in freezing tolerance and snow mold resistance during autumn and winter. Physiology Plant. 103: 8-16.
CAPTCHA Image