Evaluation of some Herbicides for Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Weed Control in Jiroft and Karaj

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Agriculture and Natural Research and Education Center of South Kerman

2 Plant Pest and Disease Research Institute

3 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

4 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran. Verified email at areo.ir. Abiotic stressesplant physiology

Abstract

Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an annual crop that belongs to the Solanaceae family. It contains abundant starch and ranks as the world’s fourth most important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It is one of most important crops in Iran. The total area under potato cultivation was 186 thousand hectares during 2011 and 2012. Weeds are one of the greatest limiting factors to efficient crop production. Application of herbicides is the key method of weed control in potato fields, both in the world and Iran. Herbicides that commonly are used for weed control in potato fields of Iran are metribuzin, paraquat, rimsulfuron, pendimethalin and sulfosulfuron.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of herbicides to control weeds of potato fields, field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Jiroft and Karaj. Plots were located on a sandy loam soil with a pH of 7.4 in Jiroft, and loamy soil with a pH of 7.7 in Karaj. The experiments were conducted during 2009-2010. Potato variety used in Jiroft was Santeh and Satina in Karaj. The experimental design was the randomized complete blocks design (RCBD), with four replications. Weed control treatments included paraquat (20% SL) at 3 lit/ha as early post- emergence, metribuzin (70% WP) at 750 gr/ha as preemergence, pendimethalin (33% EC) at 3 lit/ ha as preemergence, rimsulfuron (25% DF) at 60 gr/ha applied with adjuvant cytogate at 2.5% volume of water early post emergence, sulfosulfuron (75% DF) at 35 gr/ha (postemergence), metribuzin at 750 gr/h + rimsulfuron at 60 gr/ha with adjuvant cytogate at 2.5% volume of water, , metribuzin at 750 gr/ha+ pendimethalin at 3 lit/ ha, metribuzin at 750 gr/ha+ sulfosulfuron at 35 gr/ha, paraquat at 3 lit/ha + rimsulfuron at 60 gr/ha with adjuvant cytogate at 2.5% volume of water, paraquat at 3 lit/ha + pendimethalin at 3 lit/ha, paraquat at 3 lit/ha + sulfosulfuron at 35 gr/ha and hand weeding. Each plot was 4 m wide and 8 m long with 4 rows and 75 cm distance among rows. Density and dry weight of weeds and potato yield were recorded.
Results and Discussion: Results indicated that 6 broadleaf weeds were dominant in the fields included prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), malva (Malva neglecta) in Jiroft, and red rooted pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), datura (Datura stramonium), bladder hibiscus (Hibiscus trionum) in Karaj. Visual observation confirmed that the most weeds were effectively controlled using herbicide treatments. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that the herbicides applied for weed control in potato have significantly decreased weed density and dry weight. The lowest weed density and dry weightof prostrate pigweed were observed in plots treated with paraquat + rimsulfuron. This treatment reduced density and dry weight of prostrate pigweed by 70% and 69% in Jiroft. However, Red rooted pigweed was controlled better than prostrate pigweed in Karaj. All treatments of mixed herbicides reduced density and dry weight of red rooted pigweed by 100% in Karaj. Maximum control of bindweed was obtained with metribuzin + rimsulfuron. This treatment reduced density and dry weight of bindweed by 35 % in Jiroft. The highest control of malva was achieved with metribuzin plus rimsulfuron in Jiroft. This treatment reduced density and biomass of malva by 61 and 56%, respectively. The best control of datura was obtained with paraquat plus rimsulfuron in Karaj. This treatment reduced datura biomass by 98%. Maximum control of bladder hibiscus was obtained with paraquat plus rimsulfuronin which dry weight was reduced by 98%. The highest potato yield (48 ton/ha) was obtained by application of metribuzin plus rimsulfuron in Jiroft. Potato yield was also increased with this treatment by 40%. The least potato yield (32 ton/ha) was obtained with pendimethalin in Jiroft. The maximum potato yield (32 ton/ha) was obtained by application of paraquat plus rimsulfuron and paraquat plus pendimethalin in Karaj, and minimum potato yields were obtained by application of sulfosulfuron and pendimethalin.
Conclusion: Results of both years and locations showed that application of herbicide mixture improved weed control and potato yields. Pendimethalin and rimsulfuron are suitable alternatives for herbicide rotations in potato fields and can replace metribuzin and paraquat.

Keywords


1- Ackley J.A., Wilson H.P., and Hines T.E. 1996a. Efficacy of rimsulfuron and metribuzin in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed technology. 10: 475-480.
2- Ackley J.A., Wilson H.P., and Hines T.E. 1996b. Weed management programs in potato (Solanum tuberosum) with rimsulfuron. Weed technology. 10: 354-358.
3- Alebraham M.T., Rashed Mohassel M.H., Wilcockson. A., Baghestani M.A., and Ghprbani R. 2011. Evaluation of several pre-emergence herbicides for weed control common lambs quarters (Chenopodium album) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in potatoes. Journal of Plant Protection (Agricultural Science and Technology). 25(4):358-367. (in Persian with English abstract)
4- Anonymous. 2012. Crop Production. Agriculture of Statistic Database. Agriculture Products. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agric. Vol. 1. 137 p. (In Persia) Available online at http//www.agri-jahad.ir.
5- Asadi P. 1982. Investigation of weeds in potato. Final Report. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Division of Weed Research. 25 P. (In Persian with English summary).
6- Baghestani M.A., Zand E., Lotfi-Mavi F., Esfadiari H., Pourazar R., and Mamnoie E. 2013. Evaluation of spectrum efficacy of registered herbicides used in corn. Journal of plant pests and diseases. 81: 100-122.
7- Barjaste A.R., and Sarmadi Nabavi M. 2009. Evaluation of weed control methods of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and common lambs quarters (Chenopodium album) during the growing season potatoes in shah rod. Proceedings of the 2st Iranian Weed Science Congress. Weeds and Herbicide Management. January 29-30, 2008, Mashhad, Iran. Volume One. 44-47. (in Persian with English summary).
8- Bharat R., and Kachroo D. 2007. Effect of different herbicides on mixed weed flora, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under irrigated conditions of Jammu. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 77: 383-386.
9- Dennis J., Tonks C., Eberlin M., and Ierf G. 2000. Preemergence weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum) with ethalfturalin. Weed technology. 14: 287-292.
10- Dezyanian A. 1996. Determination of the most important weeds in potato fields and impact of amount and application timing two herbicides of paraquat and metribuzin on weed contro. Final Report. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Division of Weed Research. 31 P. (in Persian with English summary).
11- Eberlean C.H.V., King B.A., and Guttier M.J. 2000. Evaluating an Automated Irrigation Control System Forstile- Specific Herbigation Weed technology. 14: 182- 187.
12- Eberlein C.V., Whitmor H.C., Stanger C.E., and Guttieri M.J. 1994. Postemergence weed control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with rimsulfuron. Weed technology. 8:425-428.
13- Enrique R. 1999. Influence of growth stage and herbicide rate an postemergence johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) control .Weed Technol .13:525-529.
14- Fatemi H. 1983. Dominant and important weed potato and their chemical control in Esfahan and sharkord. Proceedings of the 17st Iranian Plant Protection Congress. September 2-5, 2006, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 6 p. (in Persian with English summary).
15- Gutteri M.J., and Eberlein C.V. 1997. Preemergence weed control in (Solanum tuberosum) with rimsulfuron. Weed technology. 11: 755-761.
16- Hutchinson P.J.S., Ransom C.V., Boydston R.A., and Beutler B.R. 2005. Dimethenamid-p:efficacy and potato (Solanum tuberosum) variety tolerance. Weed technology. 19: 966-971.
17- Imam Y., and Niknejad M. 2008. Introduction to the physiology of crop yield. Shiraz University Press. 573 p.(in Persian).
18- Jahedi A. 2006. Integrated management of the weeds of potato. Sepehrdanesh Press. 110 p. (in Persia)
- Jaiswal V.P. 1994. Differential response of weed species to herbicides in potato. Journal of the Indian Potato Association 21: 157-159.
19- Kamla S., Lal S.S. and Sing K. 1994. Herbicidal weed control efficiency and nutrient removal by weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum) under northeastern hills condition. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 39: 336-339.
20- Karaminejad M.R., and Khalghani J. 2008. Performance evaluation of new prosulfuron herbicide in the potato fields. Proceedings of the 18st Iranian Plant Protection Congress. August 24-25, 2008. Hamedan, Iran. Vol. 3: 113. (in Persian with English summary).
21- Kuzior S., Spitalniak J., Pawinska M., and Urbanowicz J. 1999. Sulfosulfuron use in potatoes. Brighton crop protection conference: Weeds. Proceedings of an international Conference, November15-18. 1999, Brighton, England, UK. 1: 349-354.
22- Mehdizadeh M., Izadid Darbandi E., and Sabet Zangeneh H. 2013. Evaluating the effect of different surfactants in efficacy of Metsulfuron methyl+ sulfosulfuron (Total) on controlling of littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.). Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Weed Science Congress. Weeds and Herbicide Management. August 24-26, 2013, Iran, Karaj. Volume One. 640-643. (in Persian with English summary).
23- Mehmeti A. 2004. The three-year effect of herbicides on weed flora and yield potato. Herbologia. 5: 85-94. (In Croatia with English summary).
24- Mirkamali H. 1983. Weeds in potato fields in Damavand. Proceedings of the 17st Iranian Plant Protection Congress. September 2-5, 2006, Qazvin, Iran 2006. University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 7 p. (in Persian with English summary).
25- Misovic M.M., Brocic Z.A., Momirovic N.M., Sinzar B.C., Jevtic S.(ed.), and Lazic B. 1996. Herbicide combination efficacy and potato yield in agro-ecological conditions of Dragacevo. Proc. of the first Balkan symposium on vegetables and potatoes. June 4-7, 1997, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Volume 1. Acta-Horticulture. 462: 363-368.
26- Nalewaja j.D., Praczyk T., and Matysaik R. 1995. Surfactants and oil, and adjuvants with nicosulfuron. Weed technology. 9: 689-695.
27- Patel N.M., Shah P.M., and Patel P.T. 1995. Comparative effect of different herbicides in potato cv. Kufri Badshah. Journal of the Indian Potato Association. 22: 74-76.
28- Reddy V.S., Nanjappa H.V., Krishnappa K.S., and Shankaranarayana V. 1994. Chemical weed control in potato under irrigated conditions. Crop Research. Hisar. 8: 32-36.
29- Renner K.A., and Powell G.E. 1998. Weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum) with rimsulfuron and metribuzin. Weed technology. 12:406- 409.
30- Robinson D.K., Monks D.W., and Monaco T.J. 1996. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) tolerance and susceptibility of eight weeds to rimsulfuron with and without metribuzin. Weed technology. 10: 29-34.
31- Rymaszewski J., Sobiech S., Koziara W., and Czajka M. 1993. Evaluation of some herbicides for weed control in potatoes by sprinkling. Materialy Sesji, Instytutu Ochrony Roslin. 33: 209-214.( In polish with English summary).
32- Sarmadnia G., and Koocheki A. 2001. Crop physiology. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran. 458 pp. (In Persian).
33- Seyedi Nasab S., Mohammad Dost H.R., Nouri Gonbalani J., and Asghari A. 2002. Effect of tillage and herbicide of metribuzin for weed control in potatoes. Journal of Plant Protection (Agricultural Science and Technology). 25: 66-77. (in Persian with English abstract).
34- Shalender K., Banga R.S., Ashok Y., Malik R.K., Kumar S., and Yadav A. 1998. Effect of post-emergence herbicides on weed control in potato. Indian Journal of Weed science. 30: 129-132.
35- Sharma J.J., Sharma G.D., and Sood S. 2004. Weed management in potato under dry, temporal agro- ecosystem (HP). Potato Journal. 31: 55-58.
36- Shir Mohammad K., Zand A., Baghestani M.A., and Seyed Hadi M.R. 2010. Evaluate the performance of five herbicides to control weeds in potatoes. Journal of Plant and Ecology. 17: 71-82. (In Persian with English summary).
37- Shir Mohammad K., Zand A., Baghestani M.A., Rahi1 A.R., and Mirhadi S.M.J. 2011. Evaluation of the efficacy of different herbicides for controlling broadleaf weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Plant and Ecology. 24:77-87. (In Persian with English summary).
38- Singh V.P., and Bhan V.M. 1999. Herbicidal control of weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in vertisol. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 31: 214-217.
39- Somani L.I. 1992. Dictionary of weed science. Agronomy Publishing Academy (India). 256 pp.
- Tabatabaei-Nim-Avard R. 2009. Impact of Cultivator and application of herbicide for weed control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and common lambs quarters (Chenopodium album) in potato fields of, feridion Esfahan. Proceedings of the 18st Iranian Plant Protection Congress. August 24-25, 2008, Hamedan, Iran. Volume 3: 3. (In Persian with English summary).
40- Tonks D.J., Eberlin C.V., and Guttieri M.J. 2000. Preemergence weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum) with ethalfluralin.Weed technology. 14: 282-292.
41- William A., Bailey H., Wilson P., and Hines T.E. 2001. Influence of cultivation and herbicide programme on weed control and net returns in potato (Solanum tuberosum) Weed technology. 15: 654-659.
42- Yazdani A. 1386. Evaluate and weed control in potato fields in Kerman. Proceedings of the 8th Plant Protection Congress of Iran, August 30- September 4, 1986, Isfahan, Iran. 146 p. (In Persian with English summary).
43- Zand A., Rahimian H., Kocheki A., khalgani J., Mousavi K., and Ramezani K. 2005. Weed Ecology. Management applications. University of Mashhad Press. 558 p. (in Persian).
CAPTCHA Image