Investigating The Effect of Foramsulfuron and Rimsulfuron Residues in Soil on Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Institute of Water and Soil

Abstract

Introduction: Sulfonylurea (Su) is one of the important groups of herbicides which control weeds through inhibition of the acetolactase synthase enzyme, a key enzyme in the synthesis of amino acids. Their main character by which can be distinguished from other groups are their low cost, effectiveness against wide spectrum of weeds in cereal crops (mostly broad leaved plants), operator safety, and activity at low concentrations. However, many of the crops and vegetables which are grown in rotation with cereals are very sensitive to Su residues. Among crops, legumes are very sensitive at low levels (as low as 0.5 ppm). Therefore much less than 5% of recommended application rates for controlling weeds, will be applied cause not to damage other crops. Root growth is particularly sensitive to Su residues. Since the studies have not been conducted in the country in connection with possible effects of soil residue of foramsulfuron and rimsulfuron herbicides on growth,nodulation and biological fixation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), The objective of this research was to study the effect of soil residue of mentioned herbicides in soil on chickpea, growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in control conditions.
Materials and Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Research Greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012. Experimental design was completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Treatments included chickpea genotypes (Hashem, Ilc482, Kaka and Kermanshah), herbicides (foramsulfuron and rimsulfuron) and herbicide residues in soil (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30% of the recommended dose of application). At the beginning of reproductive stage (48 days after planting), plants shoot, root and nodule biomass, nodule number and plants total nitrogen amount were measured. For statistical analysis, data were changed to percentage of control. Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS 9.1 software and treatment means were compared using Fisher’s protected LSD at the 0.05 level of significance.

Non-linear regression analysis was employed using 3 (equation 1) and 4 (equation 2) logarithmic logistic dose-response model described by


(Equation 1)
where Y is the response (dry weight), c is the lower limit, d is the upper limit, b is the curve slope, e denotes the dose required to give a response halfway between the upper and lower limits (ED50 (Effective dose required for 50% inhibitation)); and x is the herbicide dose. The analysis of dose-response curves were determined by R, utilizing the drc package.
Results Discussion: Results showed that residues of foramsulfuron and rimsulfuron herbicides in soil affected all traits of chickpea genotypes significantly. All chickpea genotypes trails decreased significantly with increasing of residue concentrations of foramsulfuron in soil. However, shoot biomass of Ilc482 and Kaka genotypes and nodulation of all genotypes except of Kaka were simulated at the lowest level of residues of foramsulfuron in soil. Kermanshahi genotype produced the lowest shoot and root biomass in rimsulfuron soil residue levels. Rimsulfuron decreased nodule number and biomass of Ilc482 and Kaka genotypes. Among the studied genotypes; total nitrogen of Kaka and Kermanshah genotypes negatively affect more than the other genotypes due to foramsulfuron residues in soil. Rimsulfuron soil residues levels also decreased nitrogen in all chickpea genotypes. According to ED50 (Effective dose required for 50% inhibitation) for shoot biomass, Kaka was the lowest and Hashem was the highest tolerant genotype. Kermanshah and Ilc482 were the lowest and the highest tolerant genotypes for root biomass production respectively. Kaka was the lowest and Ilc482 was the highest tolerant genotypes in nodulation, were identified to residues of foramsulfuron in soil.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that herbicide residues of foramsulfuron could be caused to high susceptibility in chickpea. Therefore, limitation of crop rotation is one of the most important problems for using foramsulfuron in crops before the peas. Since the residues of rimsulfuron were investigated in this study, had very low negative effect or even had estimulative effect on growth characteristics of chickpea genotypes, it would be introduced as selective herbicide in chickpea field.

Keywords


- Anderson A. 2001.The effect of acetolactate synthase (ALS) in hibiting herbicides on the growth , yield and nitrogen fixation of select legumes . PhD thesis, Adelaide University.
2- Anderson A., Baldock J.A., Rogers S.L., Bellotti W., and Gill G . 2004. Influence of chlorsulfuron on Rhizobial growth, nodulation formation, and nitrogen fixation with chickpea. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55: 1059 – 1070.
3-Brain P., and Cousens R. 1989. An equation to describe dose responses wherethere is stimulationof growth at low doses.Weed Research, 29:93. –96.
4-Datta A., Sindel B.M., Kristiansen P., Jessop R.S., and Felton W.L. 2009. Effect of isoxaflutole on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Crop Protection , 28:923 – 927.
5- Drew E., Vadakattua G.,and lawrence L. 2006. Herbicide limit nitrogen- fixing ability.Farming ahead,176: 28-30.
6- Durgesha M., and Lakshminarasimhan A.V. 1989. The effects of fluchloralin on the growth and nodulation of peanut plants. Pesticides, 23 : 24 -27.
7-Eizadi darbandi E,Rashedemohassel M.,Mahmodi GH., and Dehgan M.2011. Evaluation the Crop plant sensitivity to herbicide residues of Mesosulfuron+Iodosulfuron (Total) in soil. Journal of Plant Protection, 25(2): 194-201. (in Persian).
8-Eizadi darbandi E., Rashedemohassel M., Mahmodi Gh., and Dehgan M. 2013. Evaluation some of Crop plants tolerance to herbicide residues of Tribenuron-methyl (Granstar) in soil. Journal of Plant Protection, 26(4):362-369. (in Persian)
9- Friesen G.H., Wall D.A.1991. Residual effect of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron on spring- snow rotational crops. Weed Science, 39:280-283.
10-Fox J.E., Starcevic M., Jones P.E., Burow M.E., and McLachlan J.A. 2004 . Pyhotestrogen signaling and symbiotic gene activation are disrupted by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspec, 112: 672-677.
11-Fox J.E., Gulledge J., Engelhaupt E., Burow M.E., and McLachlan J.A. 2007. Pesticides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and host plants. Plant National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS), 104: 10282 – 10.0287.
12-Ghadiri H. 2007.Weed science principles and practices.Shiraz university press 346 (in Persian).
13- Halloway K.L., Kookana R.S., Noy D.M., Smith J.G., and Wilhelm N. 2006. Crop damage caused by residual Acetolactate synthase herbicides in the soils of south-eastern Australia, 46: 1323 - 1331.
14-IswaranV., and MarwahT. S. 1980. Amodified rapid Kjeldahl method for determination of total nitrogen in agriculture and biological materials. Geobios, 7: 281 - 282.
15-Mosier D.G., Peterson D.E., and Regehr D.L. 1990. Herbicide mode of action. Kansas State University Manhattan Publication. Kansas.
16-Mosavi M.R. 2008.weed control (Principles and Practices) .Tehran Gohar Press (in Persian).
17-Niina K. 2008. Influence of residual flucarbazone-sodium on inoculation success measured by growth parameters,nitrogen fixation , and nodule occupancy of field pea . MSc thesis , University of Saskatchewan .
18- Pest Management Regulatory Agency. 2003 . Foramsulfuron Technical Herbicide, Option 2.25 SC Herbicide, and Option 35 DF. Coordinator Publications. Ottawa, Ontario.
. 19-Parsa M., and Bagheri A. 2008. Pulse crops. Mashhad university Jahad press (in Persian)
20-Peyvastegan S., and Farahbakhsh A. 2011. The Residual Effects of Different Doses of Atrazine+Alachlor and Foramsulfuron on the Growth and Physiology of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L). World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 50 : 318 – 323.
21- Russel M.H., Saladin J.L., and Lichtner I. 2002. Sulfonyrea herbicide. Pesticide Outlook. Royal Society of Chemistry .166 – 173.
22- Reinke H., Rosenzweig A., Claus J., Kreidi M., Chisholm C., and Jensen P . 1991. DPX-E9636, experimental sulfonylurea herbicide for potatoes. Brighton Crop Protection Conference –Weeds 4C, 3: 445–451.
23- Rogers S., and Baldock J., 2003. Herbicide link to low legume nitrogen fixation. Farming ahead, 134 : 39-40.
24- R Development Core Team. 2005. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna,Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
25- SAS Institute. 2005. The SAS system for Windows. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
26- S zawoznik M., and Tomaro M. 2005. Effect of chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its symbiosis with soybean. Pest Management Science, 61 :1003 -1008.
27- Sanntin-montanya I., Alonso-pradose L., Villarroya M., and Garcia-Baudin J. M. 2006. Bioassay for determining sensitivity to sulfosulfuron on seven plant species. Journal of Environment Scince and Health, 41: 781-793.
28- Schneiders GE., Koeppe MK., Naidu MV., Horne P., Brown AM., and Mucha C.F. 1993. Fate of rimsulfuron in the environment. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 41: 2404 – 2410.
29- Singh G., and Wright D. 2002. In vitro studies on the effects of herbicides on the growth of rhizobia. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35: 12 – 16 .
30-Vidal D., Martinez J., Bergareche C., Miranda A.M., and Simon E. 1992. Effect of methabenzthiazuron on growth and nitrogenase activity in Vicia faba. Plant and Soil, 144: 235 - 245.
31-Wally F., Taylor A., and Lupwayi N. 2006. Herbicide residues and effects on nitrogen fixation in pulse crops. Presented at Farm Tech. 2006. Herbicide Effects on Pulse Crop Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation,52-55.
32-Whitcomb C.M. 1999. An hntroduction to ALS inhibiting herbicides. Toxicology and Industrial health, 15: 232 - 240.
33-Zhou Q., Liu W., Zhang Y., and Liu K. 2007. Review Action mechanisms of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides . Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 89: 89 – 96.
34-Zand A., Mosavi S.K., and Sadri A. 2008. Herbicides and application methods.Mashhad) (ferdowsi university press (in Persian).
CAPTCHA Image