پایداری بذر کنجدشیطانی L.) Cleome viscose) در بانک بذر خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه پویایی بانک بذر علف­های هرز در خاک بسیار مهم است. جهت بررسی پایداری بانک بذر علف­هرز کنجدشیطانی، بذرهای این گیاه در دو عمق 10 و 20 سانتی‌متری خاک در همان مزرعه‌ای که بذرهای کنجدشیطانی از آن جمع‌آوری شده بود (شهرستان مینودشت - استان گلستان)، در آبان ماه 1401 دفن شدند. نمونه‌برداری در زمان‌های 15، 30، 60، 90، 120، 150، 180، 210، 240، 270، 300، 330 و 360 روز بعد از دفن انجام شد. در هر مرحله نمونه‌برداری، تعداد بذرهای جوانه‌زده در خاک، بذرهای پوچ، مرده و سالم با دقت شمارش شدند. از بذرهای سالم جهت انجام آزمون جوانه‌زنی در دماهای مختلف 35، 30، 25، 20 و 15 درجه سانتی‌گراد و در دو شرایط نور و تاریکی و همچنین استفاده از اسید جیبرلیک و عدم استفاده از آن استفاده شد. جهت بررسی اثر پس‌رسی بر قابلیت جوانه‌زنی بذرهای کنجدشیطانی نیز بخشی از بذرها در آزمایشگاه انبار شد. نتایج نشان داد که بذرهای تازه برداشت‌شده کنجدشیطانی ازجوانه‌زنی بسیار اندکی برخوردار بودند. پس‌رسی (در شرایط آزمایشگاه یا دفن در خاک) و اسید جیبرلیک در رفع خواب مؤثر بود، به‌طوری‌که باعث افزایش جوانه‌زنی بذرهای کنجدشیطانی در هر دو شرایط تاریکی و روشنایی شد. با رفع خواب بذرها، امکان جوانه‌زنی بذرهای این گیاه در محدوده وسیع­تری از دماها رخ داد و در مراحل آخر نمونه‌برداری، جوانه‌زنی آن‌ها کاهش و در محدوده دمایی کمتری رخ داد. بررسی تغییرات درصد بذرهای زنده و مرده در دو عمق 10 و 20 سانتی‌متر نشان داد که در هر دو عمق دفن، درصد بذرهای زنده در طی زمان کاهش و به تعداد بذرهای مرده افزوده شد، به‌طوری‌که در آخرین نمونه‌برداری، مصادف با 360 روز بعد ازدفن، تعداد بذرهای زنده در دو عمق 10 و 20 سانتی‌متر به‌ترتیب 12 و 23 درصد بود. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که تخلیه بانک بذر این علف هرز در عمق 10 سانتی‌متر سریع‌تر اتفاق می­افتد و بانک بذر کنجدشیطانی از نوع دائم می­باشد. بنابراین ریزش مکرر بذر این علف هرز در خاک می‌تواند این گیاه را به‌عنوان یک چالش دائمی و جدی برای کشاورزان تبدیل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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