اثرات رقابتی خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• افسانه یاوری قویطول ¹
• وحید سرابی ²
• کامبیز عزیزپور ²

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز،ایران

² گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

10.22067/jpp.2024.89385.1202

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آبی کشور و مشکلات ناشی از رقابت علف­های هرز در زراعت نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)، خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان کلیبر در سال 1400 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی، تنش کم­آبی در سه سطح (آبیاری در حد ظرفیت زراعی، آبیاری در زمان 65 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی خاک و آبیاری در زمان 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی خاک) و عامل فرعی، تراکم­های خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) (صفر، 5، 10 و 15 بوته در متر­مربع) بود. بدین منظور، بذور علف هرز در تراکم بسیار بالا در کرت­های آزمایشی پخش شده و پس از رسیدن به ارتفاع پنج سانتی‌متری، برای رسیدن به تراکم­های دلخواه تنک شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم­آبی (65 درصد و 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی در خاک) با تأثیر بر فرآیندهای مختلف گیاهی و تراکم­های بالای علف هرز خردل وحشی (10 و 15 بوته در مترمربع) به‌واسطه رقابت شدید با نخود برای دریافت آب و عناصر غذایی و در ادامه با سایه­اندازی بر بوته­های نخود موجب کاهش صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزاء آن در نخود شدند. اثر متقابل تراکم علف هرز خردل وحشی در هر یک از تیمارهای تنش کم­آبی نشان داد که صفات مورفولوژیک، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن 100 دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت تحت تأثیر تنش شدید کم­آبی و تراکم­های بالای علف هرزی، کاهش شدیدی یافتند. کمترین عملکرد دانه نخود (202 کیلوگرم در هکتار) پس از 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی در خاک و با حضور 15 بوته خردل وحشی در هر مترمربع به­دست آمد، به‌طوری‌که در این تیمار عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد تحت شرایط ظرفیت زراعی 39/91 درصد کاهش یافت. از‌این‌رو، باید از بروز تنش شدید کم­آبی و تداوم حضور علف هرز خردل وحشی در تراکم­های بالا به­خصوص در مراحل حساس فنولوژیکی در زراعت این محصول جلوگیری کرد تا از کاهش محسوس عملکرد نخود ممانعت به­عمل آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بقولات
• تراکم علف هرز
• تنش کم‌آبی
• عملکرد دانه
• ویژگی‌های رشدی

موضوعات

• علف های هرز

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©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

https://doi.org/10.22067/jpp.2024.89385.1202

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