اثرات رقابتی خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز،ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آبی کشور و مشکلات ناشی از رقابت علف­های هرز در زراعت نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)، خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان کلیبر در سال 1400 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی، تنش کم­آبی در سه سطح (آبیاری در حد ظرفیت زراعی، آبیاری در زمان 65 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی خاک و آبیاری در زمان 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی خاک) و عامل فرعی، تراکم­های خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) (صفر، 5، 10 و 15 بوته در متر­مربع) بود. بدین منظور، بذور علف هرز در تراکم بسیار بالا در کرت­های آزمایشی پخش شده و پس از رسیدن به ارتفاع پنج سانتی‌متری، برای رسیدن به تراکم­های دلخواه تنک شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم­آبی (65 درصد و 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی در خاک) با تأثیر بر فرآیندهای مختلف گیاهی و تراکم­های بالای علف هرز خردل وحشی (10 و 15 بوته در مترمربع) به‌واسطه رقابت شدید با نخود برای دریافت آب و عناصر غذایی و در ادامه با سایه­اندازی بر بوته­های نخود موجب کاهش صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزاء آن در نخود شدند. اثر متقابل تراکم علف هرز خردل وحشی در هر یک از تیمارهای تنش کم­آبی نشان داد که صفات مورفولوژیک، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن 100 دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت تحت تأثیر تنش شدید کم­آبی و تراکم­های بالای علف هرزی، کاهش شدیدی یافتند. کمترین عملکرد دانه نخود (202 کیلوگرم در هکتار) پس از 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی در خاک و با حضور 15 بوته خردل وحشی در هر مترمربع به­دست آمد، به‌طوری‌که در این تیمار عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد تحت شرایط ظرفیت زراعی 39/91 درصد کاهش یافت. از‌این‌رو، باید از بروز تنش شدید کم­آبی و تداوم حضور علف هرز خردل وحشی در تراکم­های بالا به­خصوص در مراحل حساس فنولوژیکی در زراعت این محصول جلوگیری کرد تا از کاهش محسوس عملکرد نخود ممانعت به­عمل آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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https://doi.org/10.22067/jpp.2024.89385.1202

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