اثر دما و تنش خشکی بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی و دماهای کاردینال علف‌هرز مهاجم شمعدانی وحشی (Geranium robertianum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان قوچان، قوچان، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دما و تنش خشکی بر جوانه‌زنی بذر علف‌هرز شمعدانی وحشی (Geranium robertianum) آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 8 سطح دمای ثابت (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 40 درجه سانتی‌گراد) و 6 سطح تنش خشکی (0 ،2/0-، 4/0-، 6/0-، 8/0-، 1- مگاپاسکال) در 4 تکرار انجام شد. برای اعمال تنش خشکی از پلی‌اتیلن گلایکول 6000 استفاده شد. در این آزمایش، از پتری­دیش­های حاوی کاغذ صافی واتمن با قطر 7 سانتی­متر استفاده و در هر پتری 25 بذر قرار گرفت. سپس پتری­دیش­ها در ژرمیناتور در معرض تیمارهای دمایی ذکر شده و رژیم روشنایی (14 ساعت روشنایی 250 میکرومول بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل نتایج آزمایش از شاخص­هایی مانند درصد، سرعت جوانه‌زنی و مدت زمان رسیدن به 50 درصد جوانه‌زنی استفاده شد. برای تعیین دمای کاردینال از مدل رگرسیونی دندانه‌ای استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که شمعدانی وحشی در دمای ثابت 20 درجه سانتی­گراد دارای بیشترین درصد (98 درصد) و سرعت جوانه­زنی (019/6 بذر در روز) در شرایط بدون تنش (پتانسیل آب صفر) بود. همچنین در دماهای 35 و 40 درجه سانتی­گراد جوانه­زنی متوقف شد. مدل رگرسیونی سه پارامتره از دقت خوبی جهت توصیف روند درصد جوانه­زنی تجمعی شمعدانی برخوردار بود. براساس نتایج آزمایش با افزایش تنش خشکی (تا 8/0- مگاپاسکال)، درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی به‌طور معنی­داری کاهش و در 1- مگاپاسکال، جوانه­زنی متوقف شد. در پتانسیل صفر (شرایط بدون تنش) دمای کمینه، بهینه اول، بهینه دوم و بیشینه به‌ترتیب 12/1، 83/18، 76/22 و 09/35 درجه سانتی­گراد تعیین شد و با افزایش پتانسیل اسمزی تا 8/0- مگاپاسکال، دمای کمینه از 12/1 به 96/4 درجه سانتی­گراد، دماهای بهینه اول از 83/18 تا 76/22 درجه سانتی­گراد و دماهای بهینه دوم از 51/10 تا 63/20 درجه سانتی­گراد و دمای بیشینه از 09/35 به 48/34 درجه سانتی­گراد تغییر یافت. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، جوانه­زنی شمعدانی وحشی در محدوده­های دمایی 17 تا 22 درجه سانتی‌گراد متحمل به تنش­های خشکی متوسط (6/0- مگاپاسکال) می‌باشد. به‌طور کلی، با توجه با پایین بودن دمای کمینه، احتمال جوانه­زنی و طغیان این علف‌هرز در فصول سردتر، بیشتر خواهد بود و با توجه به کاهش جوانه‌زنی به تنش خشکی، می­توان کاشت گیاهان زراعی متحمل به خشکی را در برنامه­های مدیریتی قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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