تأثیر کود‌دهی عناصر ریزمغذی در گیاه فلفل دلمه، Capsicum annuum L. بر رشد جمعیت پشه شته‌خوار، Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani با تغذیه از شته سبز هلو، Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری حشره‌شناسی گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

چکیده

روابط میان گیاه-گیاه­خوار-دشمن طبیعی بسیار پیچیده بوده و کیفیت گیاهان میزبان در سطح اول تغذیه می­تواند پارامترهای زیستی دشمن طبیعی را در سطح سوم تغذیه­ای تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. پشۀ شته­خوار Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani در مرحله­ی لاروی شکارگر اختصاصی گونه‌های مختلف ها شته از جمله شتۀ سبز هلو Myzus persicae (Sulzer) است. در بررسی حاضر، تأثیر محلول­پاشی گیاه فلفل دلمه، Capsicum annuum L. با کودهای ریزمغذی آهن، روی، مس و منگنز در مقایسه با شاهد روی پارامترهای زیستی و رشد جمعیت پشۀ شته خوار A. aphidimyza در تغذیه از شته سبز هلو مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج به دست آمده، محلول­پاشی فلفل دلمه با کودهای ریزمغذی پارامترهای زیستی و جدول زندگی شکارگر را تحت تاثیر قرار داد و منجر به افزایش باروری، طول عمر حشرات کامل نر و ماده و دوره تخم­ریزی شد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان باروری شکارگر به ترتیب در تیمار آهن (39/5 تخم) و شاهد (24/69 تخم) مشاهده شد. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r) و نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ) پشه شته خوار در تیمار آهن بیشترین (به‌ترتیب 0/148 و 1/160 بر روز) و در شاهد کمترین (به‌ترتیب 0/097 و 1/102 بر روز) بود. بیشترین و کمترین مقادیر نرخ خالص تولید مثل (R0) شکارگر نیز به ترتیب در تیمارهای آهن و شاهد (15/8 و 6/42 ماده/ماده/نسل) ثبت شد. هم­چنین، کمترین میانگین طول یک نسل (TA. aphidimyza  در تیمار منگنز (18/096 روز) به دست آمد. بنابراین، استفاده از عناصر ریزمغذی با بهبود کیفیت گیاهان میزبان حشرات گیاه­خوار می­تواند با تأثیر مثبت بر زیست­شناسی و جدول زندگی شکارگر A. aphidimyza در برنامه­های مدیریت تلفیقی شته سبز هلو مورد استفاده موثر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Nutritional Interaction between Micronutrient Fertilizers and Capsicum annuum L. on the Population Growth of Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani as Predator of Green Peach Aphid

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Mirab-balou 1
  • T. Alizamani 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, IRAN
2 Former Ph.D. Student of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important plant of belong to family Solanaceae with the origin of Mexico, which is a rich source of vitamins and beneficial antioxidants to the health and the immune system. The green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the severe important pests of bell pepper in the greenhouse, which cause damage in both direct and indirect by feeding on sap and transmitting of viral diseases. The use of insecticides is the most commonly used method for controlling M. persicae, but in addition to the environmental contaminating, it increased the aphid resistance to chemical pesticides. Biological control is one of the alternative methods compatible with the crop ecosystems and is an important component in integrated pest management programs. The aphidophagous midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani is an appropriative and important predator of various species aphids including M. persicae. Also, the quality of host plants on the first level of nutrition have important effect on the eco- physiology characteristics of the predator on the third level of nutrition. In this study, the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers of iron, zinc, copper and manganese on bell pepper was investigated on the biological and demographic parameters of A. aphidimyza fed on M. persicae in greenhouse conditions.
Materials and Methods: The experiments were done as a completely randomized design with 50 replications per treatments during 2020-2021 in the greenhouse. The foliar application of micronutrient was carried out in four-to six-leaf stages with a certain amount of each fertilizer. At the beginning of the experiment, 100 eggs were considered to investigate the study of biology and the life table parameters of A. aphidimyza reared on the M. persicae fed on in each of the experimental treatments. Then daily, these eggs on the all treatments were monitored for recording incubation duration, survival rate and larval developmental duration (50 larvae). A mixture of aphids of different stages were Placed daily on each leaves treatment to feed of A. aphidimyza. Then, the experiments and the observations continued until the emergence of adult insects. After, a pair of male and female adult insects (15 pairs per treatment) were released into each experimental container containing leaves aphid infestation. Daily, the investigate continued for recording of pre-oviposition and oviposition duration, fecundity, male and female longevity until the death of the last individual. Recording of life table parameters and data analysis was performed using the bisexual life table method in TWOSEX-MSChart software. The results were accomplished by Tukey’s post hoc Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test for showing the mean comparisons (Mean±SE).
Results and Discussion: Based on results, the highest and lowest the intrinsic rate of increase (0.148 and 0.097 / day), the finite rate of population increase (1.160, 1.102 per day) and the net reproduction rate (15.8, and 6.42 offspring/individual) of A. aphidimyza were observed on iron and control treatments, respectively. The results show that there was a significant difference between the different treatments in terms of mean generation time (T) and the highest and the lowest T was obtained on control (19.003 day) and manganese treatment (18.096 day), respectively. Also, the foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers led to reduce the pre-adult time and increase, fecundity, oviposition period and the male and female longevity of A. aphidimyza. The results of this study show that the foliar application of plants with micronutrient fertilizers by improving the growth quality and inducing antibiotic resistance in host plants, has a positive effect on the biology and life table of A. aphidimyza.
Conclusion: The host plants, as the first level of nutrition, have important effects on the predator biology as the third level of nutrition. So, the use of micronutrients by improving the quality of host plants herbivorous insects can be affect the different aspects of the biological characteristics of the higher nutrient level in plant-herbivorous interactions.
Therefore, the foliar application of bell pepper with micronutrient fertilizers along with the use of A. aphidimyza as an appropriative biological control agent for aphids can be effective in integrated management programs of M. persicae.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life table؛ Micronutrient fertilizer
  • Nutritional interaction؛ Three trophic study
  1. Alizamani T., Razmjou J., Naseri B., Hassanpour M., Asadi A., and Kerr Ch. 2017. Effect of vermicompost on life history of Hippodamia variegata preying on Aphis gossypii Journal of the Entomological Research Society 19(1): 51–60.
  2. Alizamani T., Shakarami J., Mardani-Talaee M., Zibaee A., and Serrão J.E. 2020. Direct interaction between micronutrients and bell pepper (Capsicum annum), to affect fitness of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Journal of Plant Protection Research 60: 253-262.
  3. Arshad M., Ullah M.I., Shahid U., Tahir M., Khan M., Rizwan M., Abrar M., and Niaz M.M. 2020. Life table and demographic parameters of the coccinellid predatory species, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when fed on two aphid species. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30: 79.
  4. Awmack C.S., and Leather S.R. 2002. Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annual Review of Entomology 47: 817- 844.
  5. Bolandandam J., Barker H., and Fenton B. 2004. Differences in potato leaf roll transmitting ability of individual genotypes of Scottish Myzus persicae with different susceptibilities to Lambda- cyhalothrin insecticide. In: Proceedings of 15th International Plant Protection Congress, 11-16 May., Beijing, China, 221 pp.
  6. Chen Y., Dawn M., Olson J., and Ruberson R. 2010. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on tritrophic interactions. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 4: 81–94.
  7. Chi H. 2018. TWOSEX-MSChart: A Computer Program for the Age-stage, Two Sex Life Table Analysis. Available in: http://140.120.197.173/ Ecology/Download/TWOSEX-MSChart.zip. (Accessed 12 June 2018).
  8. Dehghani-Yakhdani H., Iranipour Sh., Mehrnejad M.R., and Farshbaf-Pourabad R. 2019. The role of iron (Fe) in the population dynamics of pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) in Pistacia orchards. European Journal of Entomology 116: 194–200.
  9. Du L., Ge F., Zhu S., and Parajulee M.N. 2004. Effect of cotton cultivar on development and reproduction of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator Propylaea japonica (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1278-1283.
  10. Fallahpour F., Ghorbani R., Nassiri Mahallati M., and Hosseini M. 2015. Interaction of different nitrogen fertilization regimes of canola with mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi ) and the predatory gall midge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani). Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 4: 1-12. (In Persian with English abstract)
  11. Fallahpour F., Ghorbani R., Nassiri Mahallati M., Hosseini M. 2020. Plant fertilizationhelps plants to compensate for aphid damage, positively affects predator efficiency and improves canola yield. Journal of Pest Science 93: 251-
  12. Fenton B., Kasprowicz L., Malloch G., and Pickup J. 2010. Reproductive performance of asexual clones of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, (Homoptera: Aphididae), colonising Scotland in relation to host plant and field ecology. Bulletin of Entomological Research 100: 451–460.
  13. Gagné R.J. The genus Aphidoletes Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in NorthAmerica. Entomological News 82: 177- 181.
  14. Ghafouri Moghaddam M., Golizadeh A., Hassanpour M., Rafiee-Dastjerdi H., and Razmjou J. 2016. Demographic traits of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Crop Protection 5: 431–445
  15. Hansch R., and Mendel, R.R. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Current opinion in plant Biology 12(3): 259-66.
  16. Havelka J., and Zemek R. Life table parameters and oviposition dynamics of various populations of the predacious gall-midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 91: 481-484.
  17. Honek A. 1980. Population density of aphid at the time of settling and ovariole maturation in Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomophaga 23: 213–216
  18. Kalushkov P., and Hodek I. 2004. The effects of thirteen species of aphids on some life history parameters of the ladybird Coccinella septempunctata. Biological Control 50: 223-
  19. Khosa S.S., Younis A., Rayit A., Yasmeen S., and Riaz A. 2011. Effect of Foliar Application of Macro and Micro Nutrients on Growth and Flowering of Gerbera jamesonii American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 11(5): 736–757.
  20. Labafi Y. 1995. Biology of Aphidoletes aphidimyza and methods of laboratory rearing. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
  21. Lahijie M.F. 2012. Application of micronutrients FeSO4 and ZnSO4 on the growth and development of gladiolus variety “Oscar”. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4: 718- Lahijie M.F. 2012. Application of micronutrients FeSO4 and ZnSO4 on the growth and development of Gladiolus variety “Oscar”. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4(11): 718–720.
  22. Liu Z., Li D., Gong, P.Y., and Wu K.J. 2004. Life table studies of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on different host plants. Environmental Entomology 33: 1570- 1576.
  23. Lucas E., and Brodeur J. 2001. A fox in sheep’s clothing: furtive predator benefit from the communal defense of their prey. Ecology 82: 3246- 3250.
  24. Madahi K., Sahragard A., and Hosseini R. Influence of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) density on life table parameters of Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Crop Protection 2: 355- 368.
  25. Mansour M.H. The role of plants as a factor affecting oviposition by Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 18: 173-179.
  26. Meadow R.H., Kelly W.C., and Shelton A.M. 1985. Evaluation of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Dip.: Cecidomyiidae) for control of Myzus persicae (Hom.: Aphididae) in greenhouse and field experiments in the United States. Entomophaga 30: 385-392.
  27. Mottaghinia L., Hassanpour M., Razmjou J., Chamani E., and Hosseini M. 2015. The effect of vermicompost on some biological characteristics of the melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover and the predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani on two cultivars of greenhouse cucumber. Applied research in plant protection 4(2): 56-70.
  28. Omkar O., Srivastava S. 2003. Influence of six aphid prey species on development and reproduction of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata. Biological Control 48: 379–393.
  29. Sanatombi K., and Sharma G.J. 2007. Micropropagation of Capsicum annuum using axillary shoot explants. Scientia Horticulturae 113: 96-99.
  30. Schmidt M.H., Thewes U., Thies C., and Tscharntke T. 2004. Aphid suppression by natural enemies in mulched cereals. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 113: 87-93.
  31. Scholler M., Prozell S.A., Al-Kirshi G., and Reichmuth C. 1997. Towards biological control as a major component of integrated pest management in stored product protection. Journal of Stored Products Research 33: 81-97.
  32. Skirvin D.J., and De Courcy W.M. 1999. Differential effects of plant species on a mite pest (Tetranychus urticae) and its predator (Phytoseiulus persimilis): implications for biological control. Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 497-512.
  33. Snyder W.E., Joseph S.B., Preziosi R., and Moore A.J. 2000. Nutritional benefits of cannibalism for the lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when prey quality is poor. Environmental Entomology 29: 1173–1179
  34. Southwood T.R.E. and Henderson P.A. 2000. Ecological methods. Blackwell Science, USA. 575pp.
  35. Walker M., Jones T.H. 2001. Relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in terrestrial tritrophic plant-insect herbivore-natural enemy systems. Oikos 93: 177-187.
  36. Warner L.A., and Croft B.A. 1982. Toxicities of azinphos methyl and selected orchard pesticides to an aphid predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza. Journal of Economic Entomology 75: 410-415.
  37. Yassen A., Abou El-Nour E., and Shedeed S. 2010. Response of wheat to foliar Spray with urea and micronutrients. Journal of American Science 6: 14-22.
CAPTCHA Image