بهینه‌سازی کارایی علف‌کش مزوسولفورون متیل + سولفوسولفورن (توتال) در کنترل یولاف وحشی (Avena ludoviciana L.) با استفاده از روغن‌های معدنی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد

3 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد

چکیده

به منظور مقایسه اثرات مواد افزودنی سیتوگیت، فریگیت، دی آکتیل، ولک، پروپل و آدیگور هر یک با دو غلظت 1 و 2 درصد در کارایی علف‌کش توتال، یک آزمایش گلخانه‌ای واکنش به مقدار علف‌کش به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور که فاکتور اول شامل غلظت‌های صفر، 625/5، 25/11، 50/22، 75/33، 45 گرم ماده مؤثره در هکتار علف‌کش توتال و فاکتور دوم در 13 سطح بدون روغن معدنی و با روغن‌های معدنی آدیگور، پروپل، ولک، فریگیت، سیتوگیت، دی آکتیل و هر کدام با غلظت‌های 1 و 2 درصد حجمی بر یولاف وحشی در چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. ترتیب قدرت مواد افزودنی مورد مطالعه در کاهش کشش سطحی محلول علف‌کش توتال به صورت آدیگور < پروپل < ولک < فریگیت < دی آکتیل <سیتوگیت بود. به گونه‌ای که سیتوگیت در غلظت 2 درصد موجب کاهش 59.71 درصدی در کشش سطحی محلول علف‌کش شد. در حالی‌که آدیگور در غلظت 2 درصد موجب کاهش 33.68 درصدی در کشش سطحی محلول علف‌کش شد. بطور کلی، ترتیب کارایی مواد افزودنی مورد مطالعه در بهبود کارایی علف‌کش توتال در کنترل علف هرز یولاف وحشی را می‌توان به صورت آدیگور > پروپل > ولک >  دی آکتیل > سیتوگیت > فریگیت بیان نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimizing the Efficacy of Mesosulfuron-methyl + Sulfosulfuron (Total)R Herbicide on Wild Oat (Avena Ludoviciana L.) Control Using Mineral Oils

نویسندگان [English]

  • sanaz farkhondeh 1
  • L Alimoradi 2
  • K. Kalarestaghi 3
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nowadays, concerns about side-effects of herbicides on human health and environment leading to increase the cost of new herbicide registration or reduce the old herbicide efficacy. Surfactants could increase the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides, due to reduction of herbicide solution surface tension. Surfactants may improve the herbicide effects and hence, reduce the amount of used herbicide to achieve the same results and this decreases the cost of herbicide application and the environmental effects. Surfactants are used in order to optimize the herbicide leaf uptake. They prevent the herbicide crystallization on leaf surface, herbicide drift and light composition. They improve the water quality for herbicide application, reduce the contact angle of herbicide droplet and also they spread and stick the herbicide droplet on leaf surface and facilitate the herbicide penetration into leaf cuticle. Some of surfactants are herbicide modifier, extender, and sometimes are safener or synergist.
This study was conducted in order to determine whether the efficacy of mesosulfuron-methyl+sulfosulfuron (TotalR) herbicide on Avena ludoviciana control, could be improved by adding mineral oil surfactants.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the efficacy of different mineral oil surfactants in mixture with TotalR herbicide on Avena ludoviciana control, an experiment was conducted at research greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2012. The study was a factorial experiment based on Completely Randomized Block (CRB) design, with four replications. The treatments were different TotalR herbicide concentrations (0, 5.625, 11.25, 22.50, 33.75, 45 gr a.i. /hectare) as factor A and factor B was different surfactants (Adigor, Propel, Volk, Citogate, Frigate and D-actil at 1% and 2% (v/v)) and distilled water as control. The seeds from Avena ludoviciana populations were collected from cropping fields of Mashhad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, and were stored at dark incubator 4±1oC, during 72 hours. Then, the seeds were dehulled and placed in petri dishes and incubated for 48 hours at 4-5oC in darkness for dormancy breaking. The seeds were sown in potting tray (3*3*5 cm) filled with moistened peat. The trays were transported to germinator with 16/8 hour day/night and 20/10oC temperature. One week after sowing, when the seedlings were at one leaf stage, ten seedlings were transplanted in each plastic pots, that filled by mixture of soil, humus and silt (1:1:1 v/v/v). The pots were placed in greenhouse, 27±5/18±5oC, day/night. The pots were irrigated 2 days intervals. After 1 week the plants were thinned to 5 seedlings in each pot. The treatments were applied at 5 leaves stage by using an overhead trolled sprayer (Matabi 121030 SuperAgro 20 L sprayer, equipped with an 8002 flat fan nozzle tip delivering 200 L/ha, 2 bar spray pressure). Four weeks after spraying, plant biomass in each pot was harvested and recorded as fresh weight. Then, the samples were oven-dried at 75oC for 48 hours to measure the dry matter. The surface tension was measured by capillarity method. Logistic dose-response curves was used to describe the plant response (Fresh weight and dry matter of Avena ludoviciana) against the dose of herbicide alone or in mixture with surfactants at 1 and 2% concentration. Data were analyzed by SAS software, and mean comparison was done by LSD test (P<5%).
Results and Discussion: Results showed that, all surfactants reduced TotalR solution surface tension, significantly. Surface tension was reduced by Citogate, D-actil, Frigate, Volk, Propel, Adigor, respectively. ANOVA results also showed that different herbicide doses and surfactant type had significant effect on Avena Ludoviciana dry and fresh weight. When the logistic dose-response curve was fitted for the effect of Total® herbicide on Avena loduviciana dry matter and fresh weight, both of them showed the same trend. It was observed that addition of mineral oils to herbicide solution improved Avena ludoviciana control. ED10, ED50 and ED90 as the regression coefficients are 13.09, 17.05, 26.01 gr i.a./ha for fresh weight and 6.75, 15.87, 31.39 gr i.a./ha for dry matter, respectively. In presence of surfactants, ED10, ED50 and ED90 was reduced for Avena ludoviciana fresh weight and dry matter and this represent the surfactant effect on herbicide efficacy. Herbicide relative potential index was more than one, when surfactants were used in mix with herbicide. Addition of all surfactant increased the efficacy of herbicide in reducing avena biomass. The results also showed that, Adigor (2% concentration) improved the herbicide efficacy 4.37 and 2.24 based on fresh weight and dry matter. Generally, it is possible to rank the surfactants in order for their ability to enhance the efficacy of TotalR solution as Adigor, Propel, Volk, D-actil, Citogate and Frigate, respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that surface tension reduction ability may not be a correct index for surfactant selection. The efficacy improvement of tested herbicide by using mineral oils, may be due to solubilizing, softening, and disrupting the leaf cuticular wax by petroleum-based oils, despite the surface tension reduction of herbicide solution. This process can improve retention and diffusion of active ingredient of herbicide into cuticular wax. Consequently, more active ingredient arrives to site of action and a subsequent increases the effectiveness of herbicide.
Proper surfactant selection is a key factor for efficacious weed management via reducing herbicide rate, which is a main research priority. This research demonstrated that when surfactants were tank mixed with tested herbicide, the herbicidal efficacy on Avena ludoviana species significantly improved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adigor
  • Surface tension
  • Adjuvants
1- Aliverdi A., Rashed Mohassel M.H., and Nassiri Mahallati M. 2010. Study the effect of citogate and frigate surfactants in efficacy of Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron (Shovalieh) for wild oat (Avena ludoviciana L.) control. p. 344-347. Proceedings of 3rd Iranian Weed Science Congress. 17&18 Feb. 2010. Iranian Society of Weed Science. (In Persian with English abstract)
2- Aliverdi A., Rashed Mohassel M.H., Zand E., and Nassiri Mahallati M. 2010. Optimizing the efficacy of Clodinafop-propargyl and Tribenuron methyl Herbicides and their mixtures with citogate and frigate surfactants on Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana L.) and Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) control. MS.c Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian with English abstract)
3- Bunting J.A., Sprague C.L., and Riechers D.E. 2004. Proper adjuvant selection for Foram sulfuron activity. Crop Protection 23: 361-366.
4- Faraji M.S., Beheshtian Mesgaran M., Abbasi R., Nosrati I., and Alizadeh H.M. 2006. Chemical control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in the fallow year, a study on reduced doses and adjuvants effects. 412-416. Proceedings of 1st Iranian Weed Science Congress. 25&26 Jan. 2006. Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute. (In Persian with English abstract)
5- Ghanbari Birgani D., Hosseinpoor M., Abdollahian Noughabi M., and Shimi P. 2006. Investigation on mixture of herbicides and oil adjuvant for increased efficacy in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). 404-407. Proceedings of 1st Iranian Weed Science Congress. 25&26 Jan. 2006. Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute. (In Persian with English abstract)
6- Hazen J.L. 2000. Adjuvants terminology, classification and chemistry. Weed Technology 14: 773-784.
7- Jensen L.L. 2003. Enhancement of herbicide by silicone surfactant. Weed Science 21: 130-135.
8- Kudsk P., and Mathiassen S.K. 2007. Analysis of adjuvant effects and their interactions with variable application parameters. Crop Protection 26: 328-334.
9- Neilsen O.K., Ritz C.H., and Streibig J.C. 2004. Nonlinear mixed model regression to analyze herbicide dose-response relationships. Weed Technology 18: 30-37.
10- Ramsey R.J.L., Stephenson G.R., and Hall J.C. 2005. A review of the effects of humidity, humectants, and surfactant composition on the absorption and efficacy of highly water-soluble herbicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 82: 162-175.
11- Rao V.S. 2000. Principles of weed science. 2ed. Science Publishers, Inc. USA.
12- Rashed Mohassel M.H., Rastgoo M., Mousavi S.K., Valiallah pour R., and Haghighi A. 2006. Weed Science Compendium. Ferdowsi University Press. (In Persian)
13- Rashed-Mohassel M.H., Aliverdi A., Hamami H., and Zand E. 2010. Optimizing the performance of diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop-propargyl on littleseedcanarygrass (Phalaris minor) and wild oat (Avenaludoviciana) control with adjuvants. Weed Biology and Management 10: 57-63.
14- Ross M.A., and Lembi C.A. 1999. Applied Weed Science, Prentice Hall. Inc.
15- Shariatmadari Tehrani M., Nabavi Kalat M., and Bazoobandi M. 2012. Optimizing the efficacy of Clodinafop-propargyl Herbicide on Littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) M.Sc. Thesis. Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch. (In Persian with English abstract)
16- Sharma S.D., and Singh M. 2000. Optimizing foliar activity of glyphosate on Bidens frondosa and Panicum maximum with different adjuvant types. Weed Research 40: 523-533.
17- Vijay K., Daniel H., and Reddy N. 2007. Formulation and adjuvant effect on uptake and Translocation of clethodium in bermudagrass (Cyndon dactylon). Weed Science 55: 6-11.
18- Young B.G., and Hart S.E. 1998. Optimizing foliar activity of isoxaflutole on giant foxtill (Setaria faberi) with various adjuvants. Weed Science 46: 397-402.
19- Zand E., Mousavi S.K., and Heidari A. 2008. Herbicides & their Application. Ferdowsi University Press. (In Persian)
CAPTCHA Image