Study on the Feeding Preference of Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri Termite to Three Species of Beech, Eucalyptus and

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• ladan poursartip
• korosh saadatvafa
• pejman rezayati charani

Behbahan khatam alanbia university of technology

10.22067/jpp.v33i1.74552

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most important species of termites in the southern provinces of Iran is Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri, which is considered as subterranean termite and has the ability to attack the trees and the construction of timber. Due to the fact that Lignocellulosic material can be eaten easily by termite, this can cause great damage to buildings, so identifying resistant wooden species can help us to select suitable materials in areas where termite infestation is high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tendency of M. diversus termite for different woods by using selective and non-selective nutritional tests in laboratory conditions.
Materials and Methods: For the collection of termites, beech wood with dimensions of 2.5 × 4 × 20 cm was buried for two months inside the soil in an abandoned palm farm, 20 km from the city of Behbahan. After that, the woods were removed from the soil and transferred to the laboratory. Then, parameters such as percentage of extract material, specific gravity, lignin and cellulose content were calculated for each wooden sample. Determination of cellulose and lignin content of woods was carried out according to the T-264cm-88 and T-222cm-88, TAPPI standard, respectively. The measurement of extractive materials was carried out in accordance with the TAPPI Regulation No: T 204om-88ISO-3131 standard to measure dry specific gravity.
The data was analyzed by Tukey's test using SPSS software version 17, and the significance test was performed at 95% level using Pearson correlation test.
Results: According to the results, the percentage of eucalyptus extractives is higher than other species and all three species have a significant difference at 95% level. All three species have a significant difference at 95% level in amount of lignin and the highest and the lowest one was related to cypress and the beech species, respectively. Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the three species in terms of cellulose content. The highest level of dry specific gravity is also found in beech and the least of that belongs to the cypress. All three species have a significant difference at 95% level. The results of non-selective test of wooden samples showed that the cypress samples had the least weight loss and the highest weight loss was observed in the beech samples. Eucalyptus specimens were interstitial and had a significant difference with samples cypress and beech. Comparison of weight loss percentage in wooden samples illustrated that the lowest and the highest percentage of weight loss belonged to cypress species and beech, respectively. However, there is no significant difference between eucalyptus species and two other species.
Conclusion: Selective and non-selective feeding of termites revealed that in both tests, there was a significant difference between the weight loss of cypress and beech, and the eucalyptus samples did not have a significant difference with the other two samples. Increasing the lignin decreased wood utilization for the termite. There is a significant difference between lignin content in these two species, the highest amount of lignin was obtained in cypress and the least one belongs to beech. Lignin which is composed of phenyl propane units, is known as malicious factors for pests due to the presence of aromatic groups in its structure. . The presence of extractives in eucalyptus should not be ignored in resistance to termites too. There are a wide variety of extractive materials in wooden species that affect wood properties such as the natural durability. The amount of extractives along with lignin can prevent the pest infestation. In the present study, the specific gravity among the three species was significant, and the highest and the lowest one belongs to beech and cypress, respectively. According to the results of other researchers, it was expected that the higher specific gravity would reduce the desirability for termites to consume wood, while our study demonstrated the effect of lignin and extractives are more meaningful in terms of termite deterrence.

Keywords

• Beech
• Cypres
• Eucalyptus
• Lignocelluloses material
• Termite

20.1001.1.20084749.1398.33.1.6.7

---

References

1- Adedeji G.A., Ogunsanwo O.Y., and Elufioye T.O. 2017. Quantifications of phytochemicals and Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 116biocide actions of Lawsonia inermis linn. Extracts against wood termites and fungi. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 116: 155-162.

2- Ekhtelat M. 2009. Investigation on feeding behavior and estimating foraging population of Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae). M. S. Dissertation, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. 131pp. (In Persian with English abstract)

3- Ganapaty S., Steve Thomas P., Fotso S., and Laatsch H. 2004. Antitermitic quinones from Diospyros sylvatica. Phytochemistry 65: 1265–1271.

4- Habibpour B. 1994. Termites (Isoptera) Fauna, Economic Importance and Their Biology in Khuzestan, Iran. M. S. Dissertation, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran, 143p. (In Persian with English abstract)

5- Ismayati M., Nakagawa-Izumi A., Kamaluddin N.N., and Ohi H. 2016. Toxicity and feeding deterrent effect of 2-Methylanthraquinone from the wood extractives of Tectona grandis on the subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus. Insects 7(4): 63-65.

6- Jurbandian A., and Mastari Farahani M.R. 2012. The Role of extractive materials in natural durability and wood preservation. The Journal of Conservation and Exploitation of Natural Resources 1(2): 105-110 (In Persian with English abstract)

7- Karimi A.N., Fathollahzadeh A., and Kameli A. 2005. The selection and application of Timbered Woods. Aiizh Publications, Tehran, 154 p. (In Persian).

8- Karimi A.N., Talaii A., and TuTunjanian A.R. 2007. Atlas of the world woods. Aiizh Publications, Tehran, 400 p. (In Persian)

9- Kartal S.N., Aysal S., Terzi E., Yilgor N., Yoshimur T., and Tsunoda K. 2013. Wood and bamboo-pp composites: fungal and termite resistance, water absorption, and FT-IR Analyses. BioResources 8(1): 1222-1244.

10- Mirshokraie S.A. 2006. Wood chemistry: fundamental and application. 2nd edition. Tehran. Aeeizh Press, 194p. (In Persian)

11- Mirshokraii A. 2010. Wood chemistry. Aiizh Publications, Tehran, 198 p. (In Persian)

12- Mohareb A., Sirmah P., Desharnais L., Dumarcay S., Petrissans M., and Gerardin P. 2010. Effect of extractives on conferred and natural durability of Cupressus lusitanica heartwood. Annals of Forest Science 67: 1-7.

13- Nobre T., and Nunes L. 2007. Non-traditional approaches to subterranean termites control in building. Wood Material Science and Engineering 3(4): 147-156.

14- Ohmura W., Doi S., and Aoyama M. 2000. Antifeedant activity of flavonoids and related compounds against the subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Japan Wood Research Society 46: 149-153.

15- Owoyemi J.M., Olaniran S.O., and Aliyu D.I. 2013. Effect of density on the natural resistance of ten selected Nigerian wood species to subterranean termites. Prolignio 9(1): 32-40.

16- Parsapajouh D., Faezipour M., and Taghiyari H.R. 2009. Industrial timber preservation, 4th Ed., Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 657 p. (In Persian)

17- Popa V.I., Capraru A.M., Grama S., and Malutan T. 2011. Agents for wood bio protection on natural aromatic compounds and their complexes with cooper and zinc, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 45(3): 227-231.

18- Rashmi R., and Sundararaj R. 2013. Physical and chemical properties of some imported woods and their degradation by Termites. Journal of Insect Science 13: 63-70.

19- Rowell R.M., Pettersen R., Han J.S., Rowell J.S., and Tshabalala M.A. 2010.Chapter 3, Cell Wall Chemistry: in Handbook of wood chemistry and Wood composites. CRC press. P. 2-3.

20- Soleyman nezhadian E. 1991. Termites: The Diagnosis and fight against them. Nashr Daneshgahi publication. Tehran, 260 p. (In Persian)

21- The Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standards. 1916.

22- Xie L., Liu N., and Huang Y. 2013. Lignocellulose degradation in termite symbiotic systems. In: Proceeding of biological conversion of biomass for fuels and chemicals. Hungary p. 140-155.