The Influence of Spray Tank Turbidity on Chemical Management Efficacy of Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus.) at Greenhouse Conditions

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• K Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf ¹
• M. H. Rashed Mohassel ¹
• Mehdi NassiriMahllati ¹
• E. Zand ²

¹ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute

10.22067/jpp.v28i4.45304

Abstract

The influence of spray tank turbidity on glyphosate (Roundup®, 41% SL) and nicosulfuron (Cruse®, 4% SC) performance on barnyard-grass and velvetleaf was examined in a greenhouse study as a factorial arrangement of treatments 2×6 based on a completely randomized design with six replications (+six control pots) for each weed species at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during 2008-9. Factors were included turbidity at six levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ppm sieved soil particles containing 31.7% clay into deionized water (w/v)), and two herbicides (glyphosate and nicosulfuron). In a preliminary test, a dose-response experiment was carried out to estimate the ED50 doses of the herbicides at greenhouse. The glyphosate and nicosulfuron solutions were applied as post emergence at 3 to 4 leaf stage of the weeds at the estimated ED50 doses in the preliminary experiment (158 and 22 g ai ha-1, respectively) based on spray volume of 250 L ha-1. The results showed that adding soil particles (turbidity) into spray tank was reduced herbicides performance significantly (P≤0.01), whereas, survival, plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight of weeds (% control) were increased. The antagonistic effect of turbidity was higher with glyphosate than with nicosulfuron for barnyard-grass, but for velvetleaf the results was reversed. In conclusion, the results have highlighted the importance of spray tank turbidity on herbicide performance.

Keywords

• ED50 index
• Herbicide efficacy
• Soil particles
• Water turbidity

20.1001.1.20084749.1393.28.4.6.8

---

References

1- حاج محمدنیا قالی باف ک.، راشد محصل م.ح.، نصیری محلاتی م. و زند الف. 1390. پاسخ علف‌های هرز سوروف [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] و گاوپنبه (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus.) به علف کش‌های گلیفوسیت و نیکوسولفورون در شرایط گلخانه‌ای. مجله حفاظت گیاهان (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 25(2): 213-202.

2- جباری ح. و زند الف. 1385. کیفیت آب عاملی مؤثر در افزایش کارآیی مصرف علف کش‌ها. خلاصه مقالات اولین همایش تخصصی مهندسی محیط زیست. تهران.

3- حق نیا غ.ح. 1375. خاک شناخت. چاپ اول، انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

4- حق نیا غ.ح. و کوچکی ع. 1375. مدیریت پایدار خاک. چاپ اول، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.

5- زند الف.، موسوی س.ک. و حیدری الف. 1394. علف کش‌ها و روش‌های کاربرد آن‌ها- با رویکرد بهینه‌سازی و کاهش مصرف (ویراست دوم با تغییرات اساسی). چاپ اول، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.

6- شیمی پ. و ترمه ف. 1382. علف‌های هرز ایران. چاپ اول، مؤسسه تحقیقات آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی.

7- Altland J. 2001. Water quality affects herbicide efficacy. http://www.oregonstate. edu. Accessed October 11, 2006.

8- Andersen B. 2006. Water quality and pesticide performance. http://www.quantumlynx.com. Accessed February 16, 2008.

9- Bailey L.H., and Bailey E.Z. 1976. Hortus third. Mc Millan Publishing Co, Inc. New York.

10- Bernards M.L., Thelen K.D., and Penne D. 2005. Glyphosate efficacy is antagonized by manganese. Weed Technology, 19: 27-34.

11- Borisover M., Gerstl Z., Burshtein F., Yariv S., and Mingelgrin U. 2008. Organic sorbate-organoclay interactions in aqueous and hydrophobic environments: sorbate-water competition. Environment Science Technology.

12- Brown K. 2006. Environmental impact on herbicide performance. Manitoba Agriculture and Food, 440-443.

13- Bussan A.J., Boerboom C.M. and Stoltenberg D.E. 2001. Response of velvetleaf demographic processes to herbicide rate. Weed Science, 49: 22-30.

14- Burgess P. 2003. Quality of pesticide spray water. http://www.agrapoint.ca. Accessed August 5, 2009.

15- Caldwell J. 2007. Hard water can hinder chemical efficacy. Agriculture Online News and Features Editor.

16- Gee G.W., and Bauder J.W. 1982. Hydrometer method. In Method of Soil Analysis: Physical properties, Part 1. 2nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. No. 9. A. Klute (ed). ASA and sssa, Madison WI, Pp. 383-411.

17- Green J.M. and Hale T. 2005. Increasing and decreasing pH to enhance the biological activity of nicosulfuron. Weed Technology, 19: 468-475.

18- Harper S.S. 1994. Sorption-desorption and herbicide behavior in soil. Rev. Weed Science, 6: 207-225.

19- Hall G.J., Hart C.A., and Jones C.A. 1999. Twenty-five years of increasing glyphosate use: the opportunities ahead. Pest Management Science, 56: 351-358.

20- Hermosin M.C., Celis R., Facenda G., Carrizosa M.J., Ortega-Calvo J.J. and Cornejo J. 2006. Bioavailability of the herbicide 2,4-D formulated with organoclays. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 38: 2117-2124.

21- Holm F.A. and Henry J.L. 2005. Water quality and herbicides. http://www.gov.sk.ca. Accessed October 11, 2006.

22- Jackson M.L., Lims C.H., and Zelazny I.W. 1986. Citrate-bicarbonate-dithionate method. In Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical Methods. D. L. Sparks (ed.). ASA and SSSA, Madison. Pp. 645-650.

23- Khan Z., and Thiem L.T. 2006. Optimizing coagulation and direct filtration processes for low turbidity, low temperature waters. Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chemistry, 5(3): 1395-1406.

24- Kittrick J.A., and Hope E.W. 1963. A procedure for particle size separation of soils for X-ray diffraction analysis. Soil Science, 96: 312-325.

25- Mathiassen S.K., and Kudsk P. 1999. Effects of simulated dust deposits on herbicide performance. Page 205 in Proceedings of the 11th European Weed Research Society Symposium, Doorwerth, The Netherlands: European Weed Research Society.

26- Maun M.A., and Barrett S.C.H. 1986. The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Can. Journal Plant Science, 66: 739-759.

27- Nalewaja J.D., and Matysiak R. 1993. Spray carrier salts affect herbicide toxicity to kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Technology, 7: 154-158.

28- Owen M.D., and Zelaya I.A. 2005. Herbicide-resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides. Pest Management Science, 61: 301-311.

29- Page A.L., Miller R.H., and Keeney D.R. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Madison. Wis: American Society of Agronomy: Soil Science Society of America, 1142 p.

30- Petroff R. 2000. Water quality and pesticide performance. http://scarab.msu.montana.edu. Accessed October 11, 2006.

31- Rao V.S. 2000. Principles of Weed Science, second ed. Science Publishers, Inc, New Hampshire.

32- Sensmen S.A. 2007. Herbicide Handbook. (9th ed). Weed Science Society of America. 458 p.

33- Steinbauer G.P., and Grigsby B. 1959. Methods of obtaining field and laboratory germination of seeds of bindweeds, lady's thumb and velvetleaf. Weeds, 7: 41-46.

34- Sung S.S., Leather G.L., and Hale M.G. 1987. Development and germination of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seeds. Weed Science, 35: 211-215.

35- Terra B.R.M., Martiny A.R., and Lindquistz J.L. 2007. Corn-velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) interference is affected by sublethal doses of postemergence herbicides. Weed Science, 55: 491-496.

36- Walkley A., and Black I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a porposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 34: 29-38.

37- Waltz A.L., Martin A.R., Roeth F.W., and Lindquist J.L. 2004. Glyphosate efficacy on velvetleaf varies with application time of day. Weed Technology, 18: 931-939.

38- Webster T.M., Hanna W.W., and Mullinix Jr. B.G. 2004. Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) dose-response relationships with clethodim, glufosinate and glyphosate. Pest Management Science, 60: 1237-1244.

39- Zhou J., Tao B., and Messersmith C.G. 2006. Soil dust reduces glyphosate efficacy. Weed Science, 54: 1132-1136.