Evaluation of Foramsulfuron + Idosulfuron (MaisTer OD) Herbicide Efficacy on Weed Control, Growth and Yield of Maize

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• R. Polkhani ¹
• S.A. Kazemeini ¹
• M. Edalat ²

¹ Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

² Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

10.22067/jpp.2022.75776.1083

Abstract

Introduction
 Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal after rice and wheat, which is widely grown in the world and used as a primary staple food in many developing countries.  The area and production under maize in the world in 2020 was 202 M ha with 1162352997 tonnes production and contributed almost 5% of the world’s dietary energy supply. Recent projection indicates that by 2020 the demand of maize in all developing countries will overtake the demand of wheat and rice, with Asia accounting for nearly 60% of the global demand for maize.  Chemical control can be very important because of the low efficiency and cost effectiveness of mechanical or other methods of weed control. Hence, it is necessary to provide information about the sulfonylurea herbicides and suitable doses. Sulfonylureas such as iodosulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, and foramsulfuron are effective group of herbicides for annual and perennial weed control in maize. These herbicides provide a new chance for weed management in maize. Their mode of action occurs through inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS), thereby interfering with the production of branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of different doses of MaisTer OD herbicide in comparison to the other herbicides on weeds control and growth and yield of corn.
Materials and Methods
 In order to evaluate the effect of different herbicides on weeds control and growth and yield of corn, a field study carried out during 2015 growing seasons at Seydan, Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments included different rates of MaisTer OD (1, 1.5 and 2 l ha^-1), Acetochlor (4.5, 5 and 6 l ha^-1), Cruz (1.5, 2 and 2.5 l ha^-1), Ultima (1, 2 and 3 l ha^-1) and 2,4-D+MCPA (1.5, 2 and 2.5 l ha^-1) herbicides and weed free and weedy control. The number and biomass of aboveground weeds parts were harvested within three fixed 1 × 1 m quadrats in every plot, separated by species, enumerated, oven-dried at 75 °C for 48 h, and then weighed. Then, percent weed density and biomass reductions were measured. The traits included ear length, row number per ear, grain number per ear, grain number per row, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and yield loss percentage. Data were analyzed using SAS v. 9.1 software (SAS Institute 2003). When significant differences were observed among treatments, mean comparisons were made using Duncan's multiple range tests (P < 0.05). Correlation coefficients between different traits were also calculated.
Results and Discussion
 Results showed that the application of herbicide could reduce density and biomass of weed. The lowest biomass of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) was obtained, so that applying of MaisTer OD herbicide at 1.5 l ha^-1 could be cause 47.10 and 27.36%, 69.38 and 56.22%, 66.79 and 70.94%, 66.85 and 74.26% and 66.85 and 80.15% reduction in density and total biomass of weeds in comparison with weedy control treatment, and grain yield increased by using MaisTer OD  herbicide at 1.5 l ha^-1 in comparison to the other herbicides including Acetochlor (5 l ha^-1), Cruz (2 l ha^-1), Ultima (2 l ha^-1) and 2,4-D+MCPA (2 l ha^-1) by 53.3, 36.7, 5.7, and 56.7%, respectively. Grain yield and grain number per ear were reduced by weeds up to 60 and 50%, respectively. Highest row number per ear (16 and 15.30), grain number per row (41 and 41), grain number per ear (656 and 628.70), 1000 grain weight (286.33 and 276.33 g), grain yield (9.41 and 8.68 t ha^-1) and biological yield (20.12 and 18.74 t ha^-1) were obtained in weed free and MaisTer OD (1.5 l ha^-1) treatments. Applying MaisTer OD herbicide showed lowest yield loss percentage (6.63%) and highest grain yield as compared to the other herbicides for weed suppression. 
Conclusion
 It can conclude that MaisTer OD herbicide at 1.5 l ha^-1 showed the best performance for weed control, especially broadleaf weeds and were associated with the maximum corn grain yield. Therefore, due to the restricted use of herbicide in corn, the herbicide used in this experiment is not created serious injury in corn at the recommended rate while effectively controlling weeds. Hence, utilization of this herbicide could be a favorable option in contemporary weed control programs for local or regional corn growers.
Acknowledgements
 We would like to thank the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University for their support, cooperation, and assistance throughout this research.

Keywords

• Ear length
• Grain yield
• Weed biomass. Weed density

20.1001.1.29808170.1401.36.4.6.9

Main Subjects

• Weed

---

References

1. Baghestani, M.A, Mamnoei, E., Ghezeli, F., Zand, E., & Lotfi Mavi, F. (2014). Evaluating the efficacy of MaisTer 3.1% OD (Foramsulfuron + Iodosulfuron + Isoxadifen-ethyl) in the control of different weeds in corn fields of Karaj, Jiroft and Fars Regions. Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research 28(3): 313-324.
2. Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., Soufizadeh, S., Eskandari, A., PourAzar, R., Veysi, M., & Nassirzadeh, N. (2007). Efficacy evaluation of some dual purpose herbicides to control weeds in maize (Zea mays). Crop Protection 26(7): 936-942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.08.013.
3. Bijanzadeh, E., & Ghadiri, H. (2006). Effect of seprate and combined treatments of herbicides on weed control and corn (Zea mays) yield. Weed Technology 20: 640-645. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-05-105R1.1.
4. Bunting J., Sprague C.L., and Riechers D.E. 2005. Incorporating foramsulfuron into annual weed control systems for corn. Weed Technology 19: 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-04-063R1
5. Chitband, A.A., Noghondar, M.N., & Sarabi, V. (2021). Yield of sweet corn varieties and response to sulfonylurea and mix herbicides. Advances in Weed Science 39: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2021;39:00018.
6. Donald, W.W. (2007). Control of both winter annual and summer annual weeds in no-till corn with between-row mowing systems. Weed Technology 21: 591-601. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-05-141.1.
7. Evans, S.P., Knezevic, Z., Lindquist, J.L., Shapiro, C.A., & Blankenship, E.E. (2003). Nitrogen application influences the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Science 51: 408-417. https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0408:NAITCP]2.0.CO;2.
8. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2017). http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E, Available at 11/05/2017.
9. Gholami Golafshan, M., Vazan, S., Paknejad, F., Oveisi, M., & Eliasi, S. (2009). Spatial relationships between weed seedbank and seedling and their population distribution models in corn. Weed Research Journal 1: 65-76.
10. Hassannejad, S., & Porheidar-Ghafarbi, S. (2012). Introducing new indices for weed flora studies. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4(22): 1653-1659.
11. Khan, I.A., Hassan, G., Malik, N., Khan, R., Khan, H., & Khan, S.A. (2016). Effect of herbicides on yield and yield components of hybrid maize (Zea mays). Planta Daninha 34: 729-736. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582016340400013.
12. Lair, K., & Redente, E.F. (2004). Influence of auxin and sulfonylurea herbicides on seeded native communities. Rangeland Ecology and Management 57(2): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0211:IOAASH]2.0.CO;2.
13. Lotfi, M.F., Shayestenia, A., Daneshian, J., & Moradi, A.A. (2010). Effect of three post-emergence herbicides and cultivation on weed management in silage corn fields. ‏Agroecology Journal 6(19): 71-77.
14. Mariani, F., Sensemam, S.A., Vargas, L., Agostineto, D., Avila, L.A., & Santos, F.M. (2019). Enzymatic properties and ryegrass resistance mechanism to iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium herbicide. Planta Daninha 37:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100001.
15. Mehmeti, A., Fetahaj, R., Demaj, A., Nishori, F., & Rracaj, V. (2019). Evaluation of pre-and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in maize (Zea mays). Journal of Central European Agriculture 20(1): 208-222. ‏ https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/20.1.2393.
16. Najafi, B., & Ghadiri, H. (2012). Weed control and grain yield response to nitrogen management and herbicides. Journal Biological and Environmental Science 6: 39-47.
17. Rajcan, I., & Swanton, C.J. (2001). Understanding maize-weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research 71: 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00159-9.
18. Riemens, M., Sønderskov, M., Moonen, A.C., Storkey, J., & Kudsk, P. (2022). An integrated weed management framework: A pan-european perspective. European Journal of Agronomy 133: 126443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443.
19. Sasanfar, H., Zand, E., Jamali, M., Sabeti, P., Sharifiziveh, P., Keshtkar, E., & Zamani, M.H. (2021). The efficacy of mesotrione+nicosulfuron (OD 10.5%) and bentazon+MCPA (SL 46%), two new herbicides, in comparison with some commonly used herbicides in the control of broad-leaved weeds of corn. Iranian Journal of Weed Science 17: 27-44. https://doi.org/22092/IJWS.2021.343429.1372.
20. Sharifiziveh, P., & Didehbaz Moghanlo, G. (2019). Evaluation of Maister power OD a new herbicide in controlling weeds of corn in Moghan region. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 10(35): 131-139. ‏
21. Sikkema, P.H., Kramer, C.H., Vyn, J.D., Kells, J., Hillger, D.E., & Soltani, N. (2007). Control of Muhlenburgia frondosa with post-emergence sulfonylurea herbicides in maize (Zea mays). Crop Protection 26: 1585-1588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2007.02.006.
22. Uhart, S.A., & Andrade, F.H. (1995). Nitrogen deficiency in maize. I. Effects on crop growth, development to dry matter partitioning, and kernel set. Crop Science 35: 1376-1383. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500050020x. 
23. Zaremohazabieh, S., & Ghadiri, H. (2011). Effects of rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron and conventional herbicides on weed control and maize yield at three planting dates. Journal Biological and Environmental Science 5: 47-56.
24. Zhang, J., Zheng, L., Jäck, O., Yan, D., Zhang, Z., Gerhards, R., & Ni, H. (2013). Efficacy of four post-emergence herbicides applied at reduced doses on weeds in summer maize (Zea mays) fields in North China Plain. Crop Protection 52: 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.05.001.