سمیت تنفسی و اثرات زیرکشندگی گیاه تلخه Acroptilon repens روی فراسنجه‌های جدول زندگی و پیش‌بینی روند رشد جمعیتی Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

سفیدبالک گلخانه (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)، یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات مخرب محصولات صیفی و گلخانه­ای در ایران و دنیا می‌باشد. در این تحقیق، سمیت تنفسی و اثرات زیرکشندگی عصاره­های آبی و متانولی گیاه تلخه بر فراسنجه­های جدول زندگی و پیش­بینی روند رشد جمعیتی سفیدبالک گلخانه انجام شد. روش مورد استفاده در زیست­سنجی­، آغشته کردن کاغذ صافی به غلظت­های مورد نظر عصاره­ها بود. جهت مطالعه جدول زندگی از 60 عدد تخم هم­سن برای هر یک از تیمارها و شاهد استفاده شد. تجزیه داده­ها با استفاده از تئوری جدول زندگی دوجنسی ویژه سن-مرحله رشدی و با استفاده از برنامه TWOSEX–MSChart انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از غلظت زیرکشنده عصاره­­های آبی و متانولی گیاه تلخه منجر به طولانی شدن مراحل نابالغ، کاهش طول عمر حشرات کامل و میزان باروری T. vaporariorum نسبت به شاهد شد. اگرچه اختلاف معنی‌داری بین تیمارها از نظر فراسنجه­های رشد جمعیتی سفیدبالک گلخانه وجود نداشت، ولی میزان فراسنجه­های مذکور نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. به موازات تأثیر عصاره­های آبی و متانولی گیاه تلخه بر بیولوژی، سرعت روند رشد جمعیتی سفیدبالک گلخانه نیز تحت تأثیر عصاره­ها قرار گرفت، به‌طوری‌که با افزایش مدت زمان یک نسل حشره (T) (21/28 روز)، در نتاجی که والدین آن‌ها با غلظت زیرکشنده عصاره­ آبی تیمار شده بودند، سرعت رشد جمعیتی کمتری داشتند. مجموع نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که هر دو عصاره گیاه تلخه منجر به کاهش فراسنجه­های رشد جمعیتی سفیدبالک گلخانه شدند، ولی عصاره آبی به‌دلیل افزایش طول دوره مراحل نابالغ، افزایش مدت زمان طول یک نسل، باعث کاهش سرعت رشد جمعیت بیشتر سفیدبالک گلخانه نسبت به عصاره متانولی گردید، که در صورت فرموله شدن می­تواند به‌عنوان حشره­کش­ با منشأ گیاهی در مدیریت آفت مد نظر قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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