ارزیابی تأثیر کیتوزان، گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید و سیلیکات پتاسیم بر بعضی از شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی درخت پسته جهت القاء مقاومت در برابر پسیل پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

پسته از مهم‌ترین محصولات باغی در ایران محسوب می‌شود که ارزش اقتصادی زیادی دارد. یکی از مشکلات موجود در کشت پسته، حمله آفاتی مانند پسیل پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)) است که می‌تواند خسارت جدی در باغ‌های این محصول ایجاد کند. این پژوهش در یک باغ پسته یک هکتاری واقع در نجف شهر کرمان روی درختان بالغ 30 ساله پسته رقم فندقی در سال 1402 انجام شد. در این تحقیق اثر چند ترکیب القاگر مقاومت گیاهان به آفات شامل کیتوزان (نیم درصد)، پتاسیم سیلیکات (دو درصد) و گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید (گابا، 10 میلی‌مولار) روی نرخ کاهش جمعیت پوره­های پسیل پسته در شرایط میدانی محاسبه گردید. از آب مقطر نیز به‌عنوان شاهد استفاده شد. همچنین تأثیر این ترکیبات روی برخی از آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی (کاتالاز و پراکسیداز)، ترکیبات ثانویه و بیوشیمیایی برگ درختان پسته پس از تهیه مطالعه شد. در این پژوهش، داده‌‌ها به‌وسیله آزمون One-way ANOVA تجزیه واریانس و توسط آزمون توکی مقایسه میانگین شدند. براساس نتایج، میزان کارآیی القاگرهای مورد مطالعه در مهار پسیل در تیمارهای کیتوزان 23/46 درصد، پتاسیم سیلیکات 39/34 درصد و گابا 76/23 درصد بود. میزان فنل کل در برگ گیاه در تیمار کیتوزان (93/55 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) در مقایسه با تیمارهای دیگر به­طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. بیشترین مقدار آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی گیاه (کاتالاز و پراکسیداز) نیز با یک ارتباط معنی­دار در درختان تیمارشده با کیتوزان (به­ترتیب 73/1 و 031/0 واحد آنزیمی بر میلی­گرم پروتئین در دقیقه) مشاهد شد. از طرفی دیگر، تأثیر منفی آب اکسیژنه در تیمار گابا (71/128 میکرومول بر گرم وزن خشک) به­طور معنی­داری در مقایسه با تیمارهای دیگر بیشتر بود که با کاهش مقدار آنزیم پراکسیداز گیاه (016/0 واحد آنزیمی بر میلی­گرم پروتئین در دقیقه) مرتبط بود. نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر آن است که کاربرد ترکیبات مختلف به‌عنوان عامل القاکننده مقاومت باعث تغییر در میزان تولید عوامل دفاعی آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی در گیاه میزبان شده که می‌تواند منجر به بروز مقاومت گیاه نسبت به آفت پسیل پسته ­شود. در این میان، درختان تیمارشده با کیتوزان، کمترین جذابیت را برای پسیل پسته داشتند. برای کاربردی شدن مصرف این ترکیبات لازم است که آزمایش‌‌های تکمیلی در زمینه تأثیر احتمالی بر کیفیت و کمیت محصول صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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