فراسنجه‌های زیستی دوجنسی سن سبز پستهBrachynema signatum Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) روی مغز پسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

پسته مهم­ترین محصول باغی است که در مناطق مرکزی ایران به‌طور گسترده کشت می‌شود. صادرات سالانه این محصول به 100000 تن می‌رسد که رتبه دوم پس از درآمد نفتی کشور را دارد. کرمان مهم­ترین استان تولید‌کننده پسته در ایران است. بالاترین سطح زیرکشت از اراضی تولید پسته در این استان به ارقام کله قوچی، احمدآقایی، اوحدی و اکبری اختصاص دارد. درختان پسته توسط بسیاری ازآفات مورد حمله قرار می‌گیرند. سن سبز پسته Brachynema signatum (Hem.: Pentatomidae) از آفات مهم و کلیدی پسته در ایران است. حشرات بالغ و پوره­های این آفت از میوه‌های در حال رشد پسته تغذیه و خسارت قابل توجهی به قسمت رویی ایجاد می‌کنند که موجب ریزش میوه می‌شوند. سن‌های بدبو ناقل قارچ بیماری‌زای Nematospora coryli Peglion هستند که باعث چوب‌پنبه‌ای شدن پسته و بوی تا حدودی تلخ و بد پسته می‌گردند. در مناطق پسته‌کاری ایران، این آفت در باغات پسته سرتاسر استان کرمان وجود دارد و می‌تواند چهار تا پنج نسل در سال تولید کند. در این پژوهش فراسنجه‌های جدول زیستی باروری- دو جنسی سن سبز پسته در اتاقک رشد با شرایط دمایی 1 ± 27 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5± 65 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی روی مغز تازه پسته رقم کله‌قوچی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مطالعه‌ی جدول زیستی با 100 عدد تخم هم‌‌زاد سن انجام شد. تمامی سنین پورگی و حشرات کامل تا پایان عمر، هر روز با مغز تازه پسته رقم کله‌قوچی تغذیه شدند و داده‌های بقا و تولید تخم روزانه، جهت تشکیل جدول زیستی باروری- دو جنسی مرحله سنی، ثبت گردید. نتایج نشان داد میانگین کل زمان رشد از تخم تا مرگ افراد بالغ 85/83 روز می‌باشد. ماده‌ها در روز 36 شروع به تخم‌گذاری کردند و در روز 44 به اوج تخم‌گذاری خود رسیدند و سپس این روند به تدریج کاهش یافت تا اینکه میزان تخم‌گذاری در روز 86 به صفر رسید. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت برابر با 0030/0±084/0 (ماده/ماده/روز)، نرخ خالص تولید مثل برابر با 18/11±78/78 (نتاج/فرد) و نرخ ناخالص تولید مثل برابر با 17/15±14/140 (نتاج/فرد)، مدت زمان یک نسل برابر با 387/0 ± 55/51 (روز) و نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت برابر 003/0±088/1 (ماده/ماده/روز) بدست آمد. از جدول زیستی باروری می‌توان برای تجزیه و تحلیل و درک تأثیر عوامل خارجی و گیاهان میزبان بر رشد، بقا، تولید مثل و نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت حشرات استفاده نمود. کیفیت گیاه میزبان عامل مؤثری بر باروری و نرخ رشد جمعیت حشرات گیاهخوار است. تجزیه و تحلیل جدول زیستی باروری به‌دست‌آمده در این مطالعه نشان داد که B. signatum رشد مناسبی در رژیم غذایی طبیعی داشته است. این نتایج می‌تواند به درک تغییرات جمعیت حشره مورد مطالعه در شرایط مزرعه و تصمیم‌گیری و مدیریت بهتر این آفت در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) برای محصول مهم اقتصادی پسته کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Two-sex Life Table Parameters of Pistachio Green Stink-bug, Brachynema signatum Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh khajehoseini Saleh Abad 1
  • Abbas Khani 1
  • Hamzeh Izadi 2
  • Njmeh Sahebzadeh 1
  • Mohammad Amin Samih 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is the most important horticultural crop cultivated extensively in central areas of Iran and an economically important nut that ranks the first among the agricultural export commodities in Iran. The annual exportation of this nut crop reaches to 100,000 tonnes that ranks the second after the oil in revenue income of the country. Kerman province is the most important pistachio producing province in Iran. The highest acreage of the pistachio producing lands in this province are allocated to Kaleghochi, Ahmadaghai, Ohadi and Akbari cultivars, respectively. Not to mention that these are the most commonly cultivated pistachio cultivars in Iran. The pistachio trees are attacked by many different insect pests. The pistachio green stink-bug, Brachynema signatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a key pest of pistachio in Iran. The adults and nymphs of this insect feed on the developing fruits of pistachio and cause significant damages in the form of pericarp lesions that result to the nut drop. The pistachio green stink-bug is also a vector of thepathogenic fungus, Nematospora coryli Peglion that causes the formation of corky appearance and somewhat bitter and distasteful smell of pistachio endocarp. In the pistachio producing areas of Iran, this pest is present in the pistachio orchards throughout the year and can produce four to five generations per year in Kerman province. Since the host plant can affect the growth, reproduction and survival of herbivorous insects, therefore evaluating the effects of host plant on the growth and reproductive characteristics of insect pest could be used in its integrated pest management programs. These effects could be evaluated by calculating the demographic parameters, especially the intrinsic rate of increase of the insect pest (rm) on preferred host plant, reminded that the demographic parameters are affected by the quality of host plant and are very useful indicators for evaluation the suitability of host plants to insect pests. This research was conducted to study a preferred natural diet (fresh kernels of pistachio) on developmental time, fecundity, survival rate, and life table parameters of pistachio green stink bug, Brachynema signatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). This research was conducted to study a preferred natural diet (fresh kernels of pistachio) on developmental time, fecundity, survival rate, and life table parameters of pistachio green stink bug, Brachynema signatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
 Materials and Methods
Insects reared on fresh kernels of pistachio head ram species in the growth chamber at 27 ± 1 ˚C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod 16: 8 h (L: D) and the parameters of age-stage, two sex life table of the insect were determined. The life table study was done with 100 identical eggs of the same age. After hatching, instar nymphs were fed with fresh kernels of pistachio head ram species every day. The data of Life table were analyzed according to the theory age-stage, two sex life table.
 
Results
The total development time from egg to the death of adults was 83.85 days. The survival rate from newly nymph to adult stages was 34%. Females started to oviposition on day 36, reached its pick on day 44, and then gradually declined until reached zero on day 86 of the insect’s life span. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of population (rm) and the finite rate of population increase (λ) were 0.084 ± 0.0030 and 51.55±0.387 (female/ female/ day) respectively. Gross (GRR) and net reproduction rate (R0) were equal to 140.14 ± 15.17 and 78.78 ± 11.18 female eggs. Mean generation time (T) was 1.088±0.003 days.
 Discussion
The fertility life table can be constructed for analyzing and understanding the effect of external factors and host plants on the growth, survival, reproduction, and intrinsic rate of increase of insect populations. Host plant quality is an effective factor on the fecundity and population growth rate of herbivorous insects. Analysis of age-stage, two-sex life table and its parameters obtained in this study showed that stink bug had an appropriate development on natural diet. These results could help us to understand the B. signatum population dynamics under field conditions. The results could also help us make better management decisions in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for economically important crop, Pistachio.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Green bugs
  • Pistachio
  • Population growth parameters
  • Two- sex life table

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

 
  1. Bagheri, F., Hosseininaveh, V., Talebi Jahromi, K., & Bigham, M. (2010). A survey of some biological traits and fertility life table parameters of pistachio green stink bug, Acrosternum hegeri (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science, 41(1), 119-123. (In Persian with English abstract)
  2. Chi, H. (1990). Timing of control based on the stage structure of pest population: a simulation approach. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83, 1143-1150. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.4.1143
  3. Chi, H., & Su, H.Y. (2006). Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Muzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Enviromental Entomology, 35, 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-35.1.10
  4. Chi, H. (2016). TWOSEX-MSChart: Computer program for the agestage, two-sex life table analysis.
  5. Freitas, S.P.C., Júnior, W.S.E., Zanuncio, J.C., & Serrão J.E. (2006). Development, survival and reproduction of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with salt and amino acids solutions supplementary diet. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 49(3), 449-455. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132006000400013
  6. Hu, L.X., Chi, H., Zhang, J., Zhou, Q., & Zhang, R.J. (2010). Life table analysis of the performance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two wild rice species. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, 1628-1635. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC10058
  7. Jha, R.K., Chi, H., & Tang, L.C. (2012). A comparison of artificial diet and hybrid sweet corn for the rearing of Helicoverpa arigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) based on life table characteristics. Environmental Entomology, 41, 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11206
  8. Khajehoseini Salehabad, M., Khani, A., Izadi, H., Sahebzadeh, N., Samih, M.A. (2022). Parameters of age-stage, two sex life table of pistachio green bugs, Acrosternum milleri (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Pistachio Science and Technology, 7(12), 127-146. (In Persian with English abstract)
  9. Khezri, M., & Sarcheshmehpour, M. (2022). Iran 's pistachio (Physiology, Breeding and Management). Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Publishing. 447 pp. (In Persian)
  10. Legaspi, J.C. (2004). Life history of Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) adult female under different constant temperatures. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 33(5), 1200-1206. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-33.5.1200
  11. Liu, Z., Li, D., Gong, P.Y., & Wu, K.J. (2004). Life table studies of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on different host plants. Environmental Entomology, 33, 1570-1576. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-33.6.1570
  12. Medeiros, R.S., Ramalho, F.S., Lemos, W.P., & Zanuncio, J.C. (2000). Age-dependent fecundity and life fertility tables for Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 124, 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2000.00482.x
  13. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2001). The current status of pistachio pests in Iran. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 56, 315-322.
  14. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2020). Arthropod pests of pistachio, their natural enemies and management. Plant Protection Science, 56, 231-260. https://doi.org/10.17221/63/2019-PPS
  15. Pianka, E.R. (1994). Evolutionary ecology. 5th New York, Harper Collins College, 486 pp.
  16. Pourkhatoon, S. (2014). Laboratory rearing of pistachio green stink bug, Brachynama signatum on a composite diet with sublethal effects studies of flonicamid and lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides on the fertility life table parameters. M. Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran. 125 (In Persian)
  17. Pourkhatoon, S., Ziaaddini, M., Alizade, A., Jalali, M.A., & Ebrahimi, M. (2014). Age-Stage, Two Sex Life Table Parameters of Pistachio sting bug, Brachynema signatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on a weed, salsola rigida. 3rd Integrated Pest Management Conference (IPMC) 21 & 22 January 2014, Kerman, Iran. p. 170-176.
  18. Pourkhatoon, S., Ziaaddini, M., Alizade, A., Jalali, M.A., & Ebrahimi, M. (2016). Biological Characteristic of Brachynema germari (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Comparative Study of Composite and Natural Diet, Journal of Economic Entomology, 109(3), 1273–1282. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow038
  19. Southwood, T.R.E., & Henderson, P.A. (2000). Ecological Methods. 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd., 592pp.
  20. Yang, T.C., & Chi, H. (2006). Life table and development of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) at different temperatures. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, 691-698. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/99.3.691
  21. Yazdanpanah, A., Nouri-Ganbalani, G., Razmjou, J., Basirat, M., & Fathi, S.A. (2019). Effects of different temperatures on the demography of pistachio green stink-bug, Brachynema germari Kolenati (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), under laboratory conditions. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 78(4), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.780405
  22. Zeinaldini Meimand, N. (2011). Faunistic study and distribution of pistachio bugs and their natural enemies in Rafsanjan area. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 105 pp. (In Persian)
CAPTCHA Image