ارزیابی مقاومت لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نسبت به خسارت سن (Eurygaster integriceps) در شرایط آب و هوایی نیشابور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سن گندم یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات در مزارع غلات بوده که سالانه خسارت کیفی و کمی جبران­ناپذیری به گندم و جو وارد می‌کند. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی مقاومت 20 لاین امیدبخش گندم نسبت به آفت سن، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان نیشابور در سال زراعی 1402-1401 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل 18 لاین بهاره گندم حاصل برنامه‌های به‌نژادی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر و دو رقم امین و فرین به‌عنوان شاهد بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس آماری داده‌های آزمایش نشان داد که بین لاین‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر صفات مورد بررسی شامل تراکم پوره و حشرات کامل نسل جدید، درصد خسارت سن‌زدگی دانه، خسارت برگی، ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه، درصد گلوتن دانه، درصد نیتروژن دانه و عملکرد دانه گندم از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. درصد خسارت سن‌زدگی دانه در رقم امین و لاین 15 حداکثر و در رقم فرین و لاین­های 19 و 10 حداقل مقدار بود. بیشترین خسارت برگی در لاین 19 و کمترین در لاین 6 مشاهده شد. لاین­های 15و 20 به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین وزن هزار دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. بیشترین درصد گلوتن مربوط به لاین 15 بود و کمترین میزان به لاین 9 اختصاص یافت. بیشترین درصد نیتروژن برای لاین 15 و کمترین میزان برای رقم امین مشاهده شد. از نظر عملکرد دانه، لاین 6 حداکثر و رقم امین و لاین 20 حداقل میزان این صفت را داشتند. ارزیابی همبستگی بین صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که میزان خسارت برگی با عملکرد دانه همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری داشت. ارتفاع بوته با عملکرد دانه، وزن 1000 دانه با درصد نیتروژن دانه، وزن 1000 دانه با درصد گلوتن دانه، عملکرد دانه با درصد گلوتن دانه، عملکرد دانه با درصد نیتروژن دانه و نیز درصد گلوتن دانه با درصد نیتروژن دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت. لاین 6 با کمترین خسارت برگی و بیشترین درصد گلوتن و عملکرد دانه به‌عنوان متحمل لاین به سن و رقم امین با بیشترین میزان سن‌زدگی، کمترین درصد گلوتن، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه به‌عنوان لاین حساس به سن شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Resistance of Wheat Promising Lines to Eurygaster integriceps in Neyshabur Climatic Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • shahab Jahandari 1
  • GhorbanAli Asadi 1
  • Soroor Khorramdel 1
  • Davood Roodi 2
1 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
The Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put) is a significant pest of wheat in Turkey, west and central Asia, and Iran. Damage caused by this pest to leaves, stems, spikes, and grains can reduce the baking quality of flour made from affected grains of cereals. Sunn pest adults typically overwinter in mountainous areas under plants such as oak, wild liquorice, and echinacea, migrating to wheat fields when temperatures warm up in spring. Their feeding behavior involves piercing and cutting tissues, as well as injecting digestive enzymes through a salivary canal to predigest food.
Wheat is a major crop, covering vast areas of agricultural land worldwide. The pest causes significant damage to grain crops, particularly wheat (Iranipour et al., 2010). Among these pests, the sunn pest stands out as the most devastating insect (El Bouhssini et al., 2013). High-quality bread wheat genotypes have shown to be less susceptible to the effects of bug proteinase in baking compared to poor-quality wheat varieties. Chemical control of Sunn pest is not only costly but also hazardous to human health and the environment, and has adverse effects on natural predators (Krupnov, 2012). Identifying resistant cultivars could serve as an effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, reducing the need for chemical applications. The use of resistant cultivars is both an effective and cost-efficient method for protecting wheat crops from this insect pest while minimizing pesticide use.
Therefore, the widespread and rampant spread of this pest highlights the urgent need to identify and use non-chemical control methods, especially the selection of resistant varieties. This study aimed to assess the agronomic characteristics and quality of wheat lines to Sunn pest under Neyshabur climatic conditions.
Materials and Methods
This research was conducted during the growing season in 2022-2023 at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Neyshabur, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatment was 20 lines/cultivars, including 18 promising lines, along with two cultivars of Amin and Farin as control. The studied traits included density of overwintered adults (OWAs), density of of nymphs and new-generation adults (NGAs), seed damage percentage, density of whitish spikes, leaf damage level, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, gluten and nitrogen contents of kernel and grain yield. The counting of damaged plants was done at the flowering stage using quadrats (0.5×0.5 m2). Pearson's correlation was calculated to evaluate the correlation between all quantitative traits and quality of wheat lines. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Minitab software, and figures were plotted using Excel software. Means were compared using the LSD test at the 5% and 1% probability levels.
 Results and Discussion
The results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant difference among the studied lines in terms of the examined traits, including density of NGAs, seed damage percentage, leaf damage level, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, gluten content of kernel, nitrogen content of kernel and grain yield. The density of OWAs was not significantly impacted by the wheat lines, so line 18 (with 1.33 numbers per m2) and line 20 (without OWAs) had the highest and lowest OWAs, respectively. The maximum damage percentage was observed in Amin cultivar (6%) and line 15 (5.6%), while the minimum level was recorded for Farin cultivar (0.53%) and lines 19 and 10 (1.06%). Line 19 had the highest leaf damage (11.11 leves.m-2), while line 6 had the lowest (1 leves.m-2). Line 8 had the highest plant height (99 cm), while line 20 had the lowest (83 cm). Lines 15 (44.57 g) and 20 (35.16 g) had the highest and lowest 1000-kernel weight, respectively. The highest percentage of kernel gluten was found in line 15 (27.05%), while the lowest was found in line 9 (24.2%). Line 15 also had the highest percentage of kernel nitrogen (2.35%), while the Amin cultivar had the lowest (1.97%). Line 6 had the highest grain yield (6.08 t.ha-1), while Amin cultivar (4.31 t.ha-1) and line 20 (4.33) had the lowest grain yield. The correlation analysis between the studied traits showed that leaf damage level had a significant negative correlation with grain yield (r=0.57**). Plant height showed a significant positive correlation with grain yield (r=0.45*), 1000-kernel weight had a significant positive correlation with nitrogen content of kernel (r=0.70**), and grain yield had a significant positive correlation with nitrogen content of kernel (r=0.62**). The damage percentage had a significant negative correlation with leaf damage level (r=0.04ns), plant height (r=0.13ns), grain yield (r=0.57**), and grain nitrogen percentage (r=0.05ns).
Conclusion
In Neyshabur county, line 6 exhibited the highest tolerance to Sunn pest and produced the highest grain yield compared to other lines. On the other hand, Amin cultivar was sensitive to Sunn pest and had a lower 1000-kernel weight and grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Damage percentage
  • New-generation adults
  • Overwintered adults
  • Percentage of grain sunn pest damage

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

مراجع

  1. Alizadeh, M., Bandani, A.R., & Amiri, A. (2010). Evaluation of insecticide resistance and biochemical mechanism in two populations of Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5(2),734–74.
  2. Ansari, S., Mirmohammady Maibody, S.A., Arzani, A., & Golkar, P. (2018). Evaluation of different Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes for agronomic and qualitative characters. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 15(4), 872-884. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v15i4.55994
  3. Armstrong, P., Maghirang, E., & Ozulu, M. (2019). Determining damage levels in wheat caused by Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Cereal Science, 86, 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2019.02.003
  4. Basati, Z., Jamshidi, B., Rasekh, M., & Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Y. (2018). Detection of sunn pest-damaged wheat samples using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy based on pattern reco Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 203, 308.314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.123
  5. Brain, R.C. (1998). Literature review of sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae). Crop Protection, 17(4), 271-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00022-2
  6. Critchley, B.R.) 1998(. Literature review of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae). Crop Protection, 17, 271-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00022-2
  7. Davari, A., & Parker, B. (2018). A review of research on Sunn Pest {Eurygaster integricepsPuton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)} management published 2004–2016. Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21(1), 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.01.016
  8. Dizlek, H., & Özer, M.S. (2017). Improvement bread characteristics of highlevel sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damaged wheat by using transglutaminase and some additives. Journal of Cereal Science, 77, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2017.08.003
  9. El Bouhssini, M., Ogbonnaya, F.C., Chen, M., Lhaloui, S., Rihawi, F., & Dabbous, A. (2013). Sources of resistance in primary synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) to insect pests: Hessian fly, Russian wheat aphid and Sunn pest in the Fertile Crescent. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 60, 621-627.
  10. Emebiri, L., El Bousshini, M., Tan, M.K., & Ogbonnaya, F. (2017). Field-based screening identifies resistance to Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) feeding at vegetative stage in elite wheat genotypes. Crop & Pasture Science, 62(2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP16355
  11. Foreign Agricultural Service /USDA. 2023. World Agricultural Production. Available from https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/production.pdf
  12. Ghanadha, M.R., & Ayeeneh, S. (2003). Evaluation of sunnpest resistance in wheat. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34, 769-783. (In Persian with English abstract)
  13. Ghorbani, R., Koocheki, A., Jahan, J., & Asadi, G.A. (2008). Impact of organic amendments and compost extracts on tomato production and storability in agroecological systems. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28, 307-311.
  14. Hesam Arefi, I., Saffari, M., & Moradi, R. (2019). Effect of different planting dates on growth attributes, grain yield and protein content of three wheat cultivars in Kerman. Applied Research in Field Crops, 31(4), 72-89. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/aj.2018.115369.1189
  15. Hruskova, M., & Famera, O. (2003). Prediction of wheat and flour Zeleny sedimentation value using NIR technique. Czech Journal Food Science, 21, 91-96.
  16. Iranipour, S., Kharazi Pakdel, A., & Radjabi, G. (2010). Life history parameters of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, held at four constant temperatures. Insect Science, 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.010.10601
  17. Jabaleh, I., Askari, R., & Taherian, M. (2019). Comparison of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, resistance in barley in Neyshabour. Applied Plant Protection, 7(2), 61-72. (In Persian with English abstract)
  18. Jiang, B., Kontogiorgos, V., Kasapis, S., & Goff, H.D. (2008). Rheological investigation and molecular architecture of highly hydrated gluten networks at subzero temperatures. Food Engineering, 89(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.001
  19. Kinaci, E., & Kinaci, G. (2007). Genotypic variations in yield and quality of wheat damaged by Sunn pest (Eurygaster). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(2), 397-403.
  20. Krupnov, V.A. (2012). Wheat breeding for resistance to Sunn pest (Eurygaster): Does risk occur? Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research, 2(1), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.001
  21. Ministry of Agriculture-Jihad. (2022). Agricultural Statistics. Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, available at: https://ajkhz.ir › main › akj1-keshvar-2020.2021. (In Persian)
  22. Mondani, F., Nassiri-Mahallati, M., & Koocheki, A. (2014). Modeling of Sunn pest damage (Eurygaster integriceps) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under climate change condition. Plant Production Technology, 14(2), 61-75. (In Persian with English abstract)
  23. Mutlu, Ç., Canhilal, R., Karaca, V., Duman, M., Gözüaçik, C., & Kan, M. (2014). Economic threshold revision of the Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) on wheat in Southeastern Anatolia Region Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde Süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 4(3), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.16969/teb.80534
  24. Naghavi, M.R., Shahbaz, P.A., & Taleie, A. (2002). Study of genetic variation in durum wheat germ plasm for some morphological and agrononic characteristics. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 4(2), 81-88. (In Persian with English abstract)
  25. Najafi, F. (2012). Resistance and susceptibility of some wheat lines to green aphid, Schizaphis graminum (R.) (Hom: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Faculty, Ardabil, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract)
  26. Najafimirak, T. (2012). Evaluation of resistance to Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) in wheat and triticale genotypes. Crop Breeding, 2(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.22092/cbj.2012.100416
  27. Nasrollahi, S., Badakhshan, H., & Sadeghi, A. (2019). Analyzing Sunn pest resistance in bread wheat genotypes using phenotypic characteristics and molecular markers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(3), 765-778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-019-00662-8
  28. Nour-Mohamadi, , Siadat, A., & Kashani, A. (2009). Agronomy, Vol. 1: Cereal crops. Shahid Chamran University Press. Iran-Ahwaz. 446 p.
  29. Ozkan, M., & Babaroğlu, N. (2009). Orta Anadolu Bölgesi'nde Avrupa Sünesi (Eurygaster maura)’nin neden olduğu ürün kayıpları ve ekonomik zarar eşiği üzerinde araştırmalar. Tagem Yayınlanmamış Araştırma Projesi, 59s. (In Turkish with English abstract)
  30. Rajabi, G.H. (2000). Ecology of cereals sunn pests in Iran. Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization Publication. 343 pp. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
  31. Rezabeigi, M. (2000). Investigation on resistance mechanism of wheat cultivars to the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, based on HMW- glutenin subunits and measurement of starch granules in kernel endosperm. Ph.D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract)
  32. Rezabeigi, M., Radjabi, G.H., & Nouri Ganbalani, G. (2007). The effect of starch granule size of grains endosperm on the resistance of wheat cultivars to Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton). In: Parker, B.L., Skinner, M., El Bouhssini, M., Kumari, S.G. (Eds.) Sunn pest management: A decade of progress 1994–2004. The Arab Society for Plant Protection, Beirut, pp. 391–39.
  33. Sajedi, N.A. (2016). Effect of seed priming and foliar application of selenium onphysiological traits and Stink bug injury percentage of rainfed wheat Azar 2 cultiva. Plant Ecophsiology, 10(33), 200-211. (In Persian with English abstract)
  34. Salehi, M.S., Sadeghi, A., Badakhshan, H., & Maroufpoor, M. (2017). Evaluation of wheat genotypes resistance to the nymphs of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hem.: Scutelleridae) in field conditions in Kurdistan province. Plant Pest Research, 7(4), 29-40. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22124/IPRJ.2018.2745
  35. Sanaey, N., & Najafimirak, T. (2012). Wheat resistance to the adult insect of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 7(1), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2012.56.60
  36. Sharma, S., Kooner, R., & Arora, R. (2017). Insect pests and crop losses. Breeding Insect Resistant Crops for Sustainable Agriculture, pp. 45-66.
  37. Sheikh, K., & Rahbi, M.A. (1996). Sunn Pest and their control in the Near East. FAO Plant Production and Protection. Pp. 138-165.
  38. Torkaman, M., Khorramdel, S., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Nassiri Mahallati, M. (2023). Investigating the spatial variations of water use efficiency, and fertilizer sources for irrigated and rainfed wheat systems in different regions of Iran. Plant Productions, 46(2), 263-277. (In Persian with English abstract)
  39. Zamani, P., Rezabeigi, M., Gannadha, M.R., & Bozorgipour, R. (2004). A study of the relationship between resistance to sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) of different wheat genotypes and starch granules in their grain endosperm. Iranian Journal Agricultural Sciences, 35(1), 107-114. (In Persian with English abstract)
  40. Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Wang, B., Wang, H., Liu, X., & Zhang, H. (2023). Effects of electrostatic field-assisted freezing on the functional properties and aggregation behavior of gluten. Food Physics, 1, 100004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodp.2023.100004
  41. Zhao, C., Liu, B., Piao, S., Wang, X., Lobell, D.B., Huang, Y., Huang, M., Yao, Y., Bassu, S., Ciais, P., Durand, J.L., Elliott, J., Ewert, F., Janssens, I.A., Li, T., Lin, E., Liu, Q., Martre, P., Müller, C., Peng, S., Peñuelas, J., Ruane, A.C., Wallach, D., Wang, T., Wu, D., Liu, Z., Zhu, Y., Zhu, Z., & Asseng, S. (2017). Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(35), 9326-9331.
  42. Zhao, L., Li, L., Liu, G.O., Chen, L., Liu, X.X., Zhu, J., & Li, B. (2013). Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the molecular weight and size distribution of gluten. Food Research Internationa, 53(1), 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.04.013
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار