سمیت تنفسی حاد اسانس‌های رزماری و اسطوخودوس و هم‌افزایی آن‌ها روی حشره‌ی کامل سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوباتCallosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Chrysomelidae) در شرایط آزمایشگاه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رضا لطیفی زاده ¹
• محمد خانجانی ¹
• بابک ظهیری ²

¹ دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

² دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

10.22067/jpp.v34i2.58875

چکیده

سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات، Callosobruchus maculatus یکی از آفات کلیدی انواع مختلف حبوباتی مانند لوبیا چشم بلبلی، نخود، عدس، ماش و باقلا بوده و می­تواند خسارت وارد کند. برای کنترل آن در سال­های اخیر از آفت‌کش‌های سازگار با محیط زیست به ویژه با منشاء گیاهی مورد توجه محققین قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش سمیت اثرات تنفسی حاد اسانس‌های گیاه رزماری،Rosmarinus officinalis L.  و اسطوخودوس، Lavandula angustifolia Mill و برهم‌کنش آن­ها روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهارنقطه­ای حبوبات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش­های زیست‌سنجی اسانس­ها با غلظت­های 12، 25، 45، 86، 166، 320 میکرولیتر لیتر هوا روی حشرات کامل 1 تا 3 روزه این آفت در دمای 1 ± 27 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 65 درصد و دوره­ی نوری 16 ساعت تاریکی و 8 ساعت روشنایی انجام شد آزمایش­ها روی مخلوطی از دانه‌های ماش و لوبیا چشم بلبلی درون ظرف‌های شیشه‌ای درب‌دار به حجم 60 میلی­لیتر، داخل انکوباتور انجام شد. شاخص‌های LC50 و LC90 اسانس‌ها با نرم‌افزار POLO-PC محاسبه و تجزیه واریانس آن­ها با نرم‌افزار SAS 9.1 انجام شد و سمیت تنفسی اسانس­ها مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد که رابطه مستقیمی بین غلظت اسانس و درصد مرگ‌ومیر وجود دارد. اسانس رزماری نسبت به اسانس اسطوخودوس دارای سمیت بالاتری بود. مقادیر LC50 رزماری و اسطوخودوس به ترتیب 39/17 و 39/40 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا بدست آمد. برای بررسی اثرات متقابل این دو اسانس، آزمایش دیگری در غلظت­های پیشین و به نسبت مساوی (1:1) از هر اسانس انجام شد و مقدار LC50 مخلوط دو اسانس 84/15 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا به­دست آمد. نسبت هم‌افزایی (SR) این دو اسانس معادل 82/1 بود که نشان می‌دهد اسانس‌های مذکور اثر یکدیگر را تشدید می‌نمایند. میانگین مرگ‌ومیر ناشی از سمیت تنفسی اسانس‌های اسطوخودوس، رزماری و مخلوط آن‌ها به ترتیب 29/61، 38/ 77 و 58/81 درصد به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسانس
• اسطوخودوس
• رزماری
• سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای حبوبات
• سینرژیست

20.1001.1.20084749.1399.34.2.5.5

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عنوان مقاله [English]

umigant Acute Toxicity of Rosemary and Lavender Essential Oils and a Synergism between them Against Adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Chrysomelidaed) under Laboratory Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• R. Latifizadeh ¹
• M. Khanjani ¹
• B. Zahiri ²

¹ Bu-Ali Sina University

² Hamedan

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) is one of the key pests in the grain storage warehouses, which feeds on a variety of crops, including cowpea, pea, lentil, mung bean, and bean and causes damage on them. Sometimes this pest could destroy 100% of the stored bean seeds within 5-6 months. Currently, fumigants pesticide are used to control of cowpea weevil. This kind of control method has different adverse effects for consumers and does not provide effective control on the target pest. In order to control this pest in recent years, environmentally friendly pesticides, especially of plant origin are considered by researchers. In this regard, the pesticide effects of the rosemary essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and their synergistic effects on the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus were studied.
Material and Methods: Bean beetles of this study were provided from Plant, Pest and Disease Research Institute in Karaj and then were transferred to laboratory of entomology of plant protection department of Jahad Keshavazi, Gom, Iran. The provided bean beetles were reared in laboratory condition to get mass production. Bioassay experiments of essential oils were performed with concentrations of 12, 25, 45, 86, 166, and 320 microliters per liter of air on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (1-3 days) in 27±1°C temperature, 65±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 hours of darkness and 8 hours of light. The experiments were done on a mixture of mung bean and cowpea seeds into 60 ml glass containers in incubators. LC50 and LC90 index of each of the essential oils were calculated by POLO-PC software and analysis of variance was performed using SAS 9.1 software.
Results: The results indicated rosemary and lavender essential oils had insecticidal effect on the bean beetle and the insect mortality rate increased with increasing concentration. Rosemary essential oil was more toxic than lavender essential oil. The LC50 values of rosemary and lavender were 17.39 and 40.39 microliters per liter of air, respectively. To investigate the interaction effect of these two essential oils, another experiment was performed at previous concentrations in equal proportions (1: 1) of each essential oil and the LC50 value of the mixture was obtained 15.84 microliters per liter of air.
Conclusion: The synergistic ratio (SR) of lavender and rosemary essential oils was the equal to 1.82, which indicates that these essential oils intensify the effect of each other. The mean mortality due to respiratory toxicity of lavender and rosemary and their mixtures were 61.29, 77.38 and 81.58%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Essential oils
• Lavender
• Rosemary
• Callosobruchus maculatus
• Synergist

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