تأثیر تنش شوری حاصل از آب آبیاری و خاک بر خصوصیات رشدی علف‌هرز اویارسلام ارغوانی (Cyperus rotundus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• نصرت اله کریمی آرپناهی ¹
• سید وحید اسلامی ²
• رحمت اله دهقان خلیلی ²
• محمد جواد بابائی زارچ ²

¹ دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

² دانشگاه بیرجند

10.22067/jpp.v32i2.61666

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری حاصل از آب آبیاری و خاک بر خصوصیات رشدی علف‌هرز اویارسلام ارغوانی، دو آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک‏‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1392 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام شد. آزمایش اول شامل پنج سطح شوری آب آبیاری (صفر، 3، 5، 7 و 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر) و آزمایش دوم شامل پنج سطح شوری خاک (1، 3، 5، 7 و 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر) بود. نتایج آزمایش شوری آب نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (71 سانتی‌متر)، سطح برگ (75/79 سانتی‌متر مربع)، تعداد ساقه (66/6 ساقه در گلدان)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (693/4 گرم در بوته)، تعداد غده (66/9 غده در گلدان) و وزن خشک اندام زیرزمینی (328/4 گرم در بوته) در سطح شاهد حاصل شد که با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری به 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر به ترتیب با 5/46، 2/75، 85، 1/83، 100 و 8/80 درصد کاهش همراه بوده است. در آزمایش شوری خاک نیز بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (6/79 سانتی‌متر)، سطح برگ (75/63 سانتی‌متر مربع)، تعداد ساقه (7 ساقه در گلدان)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (454/3 گرم در بوته)، تعداد غده (33/8 غده در گلدان) و وزن خشک اندام زیرزمینی (655/3 گرم در بوته) در سطح یک دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر حاصل شد، که با افزایش شوری خاک به 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر به ترتیب با 3/44، 8/80، 95، 1/87، 76 و 38/75 درصد کاهش همراه بود. به‌طور کلی به نظر می‌رسد غده و ریزوم‌های اویارسلام در شرایط تنش شوری قادر به جوانه‌زنی و تکثیر رویشی نیستند، که این حاکی از حساسیت بالای این علف‌هرز نسبت به تنش شوری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• رشد رویشی
• شوری
• کلرید سدیم
• مدیریت علف‌هرز

20.1001.1.20084749.1397.32.2.11.7

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Effect of Salinity Stress Due to Irrigation Water and Soil on Growth Characteristics of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Nosratollah Karimi Arpnahy ¹
• seyed vahid eslami ²
• rahmat allah dehghan khalili ²
• mohammad javad babaie zarch ²

¹

² University of Birjand

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that cause severe effects on crop production around the world. Estimates indicate that more than 800 million hectares of arable lands in the world are affected by salinity. Salinity impacts on various aspects of growth from germination to seed production in plants. Plants′ responses to salinity, however, are different and depend on the toxicity, osmotic potential, as well as the stress duration. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the noxious weeds. This weed belongs to sedge family, and is a C4 perennial plant which reproduce by sexual (seeds) and asexual (tubers and rhizomes) means. It can cause tremendous damage on summer crop fields such as onion, potato, maize, sunflower, and so on. Evaluation of weed growth responses to saline condition came about by water and soil can provide for us very important information by which we choose appropriate weed control strategies. Since a few experiments have been evaluated growth characteristics of purple nutsedge under salinity stress, this study was conducted to evaluate the salinity effects on growth characteristics of purple nutsedge.
Material and Methods: To evaluate the effect of irrigation water and soil salinity on growth characteristics of purple nutsedge, two separate experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture at University of Birjand in 2013. The first experiment contained five salinity levels of water including 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS.m-1 and in the second experiment, there were five salinity levels of soil including 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS.m-1. The salinity levels of water were prepared through solving a certain amount of NaCl in water based on this equation: NaCl (mg. L-1) =EC (dS.m-1)×640.. Following determination of soil electrical conductivity, soil salinity levels were prepared by adding NaCl to the soil based on saturation moisture percent and field capacity. A tuber of purple nutsedge was planted at 2.5 cm depth in each pot. Experiments were terminated at the end of the vegetative growth stage of purple nutsedge (105 days after emergence). Measured traits were plant height, stem number per pot, leaf area, and tuber number per pot, shoot and underground dry weight. After collecting the data, ANOVA was performed using Genstat Ver. 9 and mean comparisons were performed using Fisher's least significant difference test at 5% significant level. In order to evaluate purple nutsedge growth response to salinity stress, an exponential decay model was used; Y=a*exp(-b*x), thta in this model, a and b represents the maximum amount of studied traits and the slope of curve according to the model estimation, respectively.
Results and Discussion: The results of both experiments showed that the growth characteristics of purple nutsedge (plant height, stem number per pot, leaf area, tubers number per pot, shoot and underground dry weight) were significantly affected under soil (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Sexual and asexual reproduction
• Soil electrical conductivity
• Vegetative growth

مراجع

1- Acosta-Motos J., Ortuño M., Bernal-Vicente A., Diaz-Vivancos P., Sanchez-Blanco M., and Hernandez J. 2017. Plant responses to salt stress: adaptive mechanisms. Agronomy, 7: 1-38.

2- Akbari Ghogdi E., Izadi-Darbandi A., Borzouei A., and Majdabadi A. 2011. Evaluation of morphological changes in some wheat genotypes under salt stress. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 1 (4):71-83. (In Persian).

3- Archangi A., Khodambashi M., and Mohamadkhani A. 2013. The effect of salt stress on morphological characteristics and Na+, K+ and Ca+ ion contents in medicinal plant fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum) under hydroponic culture. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 10: 33-40. (In Persian).

4- Ashraf M., and Naqvi M.I. 1991. Responses of three arid zone grass species to varying Na+/Ca2+ ratios in saline sand culture. New Phytologist, 119: 285–290.

5- Babaie K., Amini Dehaghi M., Modares Sanavi A.M., and Jabbari R. 2010. Effect of saline stress on morphological, physiologic and chemical characteristics of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 86: 71-79. (In Persian with English Summary).

6- Babaie Zarch M.J., and Mahmoodi S. 2013. Competition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale) under different levels of soil salinity using replacement series experiment. Cereal Research, 3(4), 281-290. (In Persian with English Summary).

7- Babaie Zarch M.J., Mahmoodi S., Eslami S.V., and Zamani Gh. R. 2017. Effect of salinity stress on growth characteristics of common lambsquarters (Chepodium album L.) in the hydroponic system.7th Iranian weed science congress. 27-29 August 2017. Iran, Gorgan.

8- Bodla M.A., Chaudhry M.R., Shamsi S.R.A., and Baig M.S. 1995. Salt tolerance in some dominant grasses of Punjab. In: M.A. Khan and I.A. Ungar. (Eds.), Biology of Salt Tolerant Plants. Chelsea, Michigan: Book Crafters. 190–198 pp.

9- Dadras N., Besharati H., and Ketabchi S. 2012. The effects of NaCl salinity on growth and biological nitrogen fixation in three soybean cultivars. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 26(2): 165-174. (In Persian).

10- Dare-kordi GH. R. 2014. Effect of salt stress on morpho-physiological characteristics of pigweed (Amaranthus retrofelxus L.). MSc Thesis in Weed Science, College of Agriculture, university of Birjand. Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).

11- Debez A., Hamed K.B., Grignon C., and Abdelly C. 2004. Salinity effects on germination, growth, and seed production of the halophyte Cakile maritima. Plant and Soil, 262: 179–189.

12- Dolatabadian A., Modarres sanavy S.A.M., and Ghanati F. 2011. Effect of Salinity on Growth, Xylem Structure and Anatomical Characteristics of Soybean. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(1): 41-45.

13- Eker S., Comertpay G., Konuskan O., Can Ulger A., Ozturk L., and Cakmak I. 2006. Effect of Salinity Stress on Dry Matter Production and Ion Accumulation in Hybrid Maize Varieties. Turk Journal Agriculture, 30: 365-373.

14- El-Hendawy S. E., Yuncai H., Yakoutb G.M., Awad A.M., Hafiz S.E., and Schmidhalter U. 2005. Evaluating salt tolerance of wheat genotypes using multiple parameters. Europa Journal Agriculture, 22: 243–253.

15- Eslami S.V. 2011. Comparative germination and emergence ecology of two populations of common lambsquarters from Iran and Denmark. Weed Science, 59: 90-97.

16- FAO. 2014. Extent of salt affected soils, http://www.fao.org/ soils-portal/soil-management/ management-of-someproblem-soils/salt-affected-soils/more-information-on-saltaffected-soils/en/ (last accessed 03 December 2014).

17- Ghaderi-far F., Gherekhloo J., and Alimagham M. 2010. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of yellow sweet clover. Planta Daninha, 28: 463-469.

18- Haidari M., ABdolzade A., and Farzane F. 2011. Effect of Different Levels of Salinity and Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Chemical Contents in Psyllium (Plantago ovata F). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 42(1): 199-207. (In Persian).

19- Hamidavi H. 2014. The effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of rhizomes cogon grass (Imperata cytindrica L. Beauv). MSc Thesis in Weed Science, College of Agriculture, university of birjand. Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).

20- Kafi M., and Stuart D.A. 2001. The effects of salinity on growth and yield of wheat cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 12(1): 75-88. (In Persian).

21- Kaya C., Higges D., and Kirnak H. 2001. The effects of high salinity (NaCl) and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. BULG. Journal Plant Physiology, 27(3-4): 47-59.

22- Khan M.B., Hussain N., and Iqbal M. 2001. Effect of water stress on growth and yield components of maize variety YHS 202. Journal of Research Science, 12: 15-18.

23- Kumar A. 1990. Forage yield of grasses as affected by the degree of soil sodicity and soil amelioration caused by their growth. In: A. Kumar. (Ed.), Proceedings of Indo-Pak workshop on soil salinity and water management. pp. 434–445. Islamabad, Pakistan: PARC.

24- Lati R.N., Filin S., and Eizenberg H. 2011. Temperature and radiation-based models for predicting spatial growth of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Weed Science, 59(4): 476-482.

25- Mahmoodzadeh H.M., and Naeini M.B. 2007. Effects of salinity stress on the morphology and yield of two cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Journal, 6: 409-414.

26- Mirmohammadi Meybodi A.M., and Ghareyazi B. 2002. Physiological aspects of racial tension and salinity. Nshrdanshgah Center of Technology, Pp. 61-68. (In Persian).

27- Mousavi M.R. 2011. Weed control (Principles and Methods). Third edition. Publication of Marze Danesh. (In Persian).

28- Munns R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ, 25: 659-671.

29- Munns R., James R.A., and Lauchli A. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(5): 1025-1043.

30- Muscolo A., Panuccio M.R., and Sidari, M. 2003. Effects of salinity on growth, carbohydrate metabolism and nutritive properties of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst). Plant Science, 164: 1103–1110.

31- Nabati J., Kafi M., Nezami Rezvani Moghaddam P., Masoumi A., and Zare Mehrjerdi M. 2011. Effect of Salinity on Morphological Characteristics, Yield and Yield Components of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 42(4): 735-743. (in Persian).

32- Naghizadeh M., Gholami Shabestari M., and Shamsaddin S, M. 2013. The study of some physiological responses of three Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) landraces to salinity stress. Saffron Agronomy & Technology, 2(3): 127-136. (In Persian with English Summary).

33- Pirzad A., Ghadernajad R., Hashem Hadi A., and Tousi P. 2014. Effect of Soil Salinity on Morphological Characteristics and Oil Yield of Sunflower Cultivars (Helianthus annuus L.). Research in Crop Ecosystems, 1(1): 11-21. (In Persian).

34- Rastegar M. 2005. Weed and different methods of controlling them. Publishing Center of Tehran University. (In Persian).

35- Rodriguez P., Torrecillas A., Morales M.A., Ortuno M.F., and Sanchez-Blanco M.J. 2005. Effects of NaCl salinity and water stress on growth and leaf water relations of Asteriscus maritimus plants. Environ Experimental Botany, 53: 113-123.

36- Sabet Zangeneh H., Mohammaddus Chamanabad H. R., Zand S., Asgheri A., and Alamisaeid K. 2016. Salt and water stress of ACCase herbicides resistant and susceptible populations of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 4(1): 40–47.

37- Sakina A., Ahmed I., Shahzad A., Iqbal M., and Asif M. 2016. Genetic Variation for Salinity Tolerance in Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 202: 25-36.

38- Salami M.R., Safarnejad A., and Hamidi H. 2006. Effect of salinity stress on morphological characters of Cuminum cyminum and Valeriana officinalis. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 72: 77-83. (In Persian with English Summary).

39- Shabana Y.M., Charudattan R., Abou-Tabl A.H., Morales-Payan J.P., Rosskopf E.N., and Klassen W. 2010. Production and application of the bioherbicide agent Dactylaria higginsii on organic solid substrates. Biological Control Journal, 54: 159- 165.

40- Shamsi S.R.A., and Ahmad B. 1986. Studies on salt tolerance of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 24: 499–504.

41- Volkmar K.M., Hu H., and Stephun H. 1997. Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Journal Plan Science, 78: 19-27.

42- Wang Y., and Nil N. 2000. Changes in chlorophyll, ribulose biphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase, glycine betaine content, photosynthesis and transpiration in Amaranthus sp. Tricolor leaves during salt stress. Journal Horticulture Science Biotechnology, 75: 623–627.

43- Webster T.M., Grey T.L., Davis J.W., and Culpepper A.S. 2008. Glyphosate hinders purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) tuber production. Weed Science, 56:735-742.

44- Wei S., Zhang C., Li X., Cui H., Huang H., Sui B., Meng Q., and Zhang H. 2009. Factors affecting Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Science, 57:521-525.

45- Yazdi M. 2004. Evaluation of Tolerance Safflower cultivars using salt of saline water. MSc Thesis in Agronomy Science, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).