واکنش تابعی کفشدوزک شش لکه‌ای زیگزاگی،Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Col.: Coccinellidae) با تغذیه از شته سبز انار،Aphis punicae Pass. (Hem.: Aphididae) در دماهای مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی پیشین کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

2 دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

شته سبز انار، Aphis punicae Pass. عمومی‌ترین آفت درختان انار محسوب می‌گردد که در تمامی انارستان‌های کشور وجود دارد و در بعضی از سال‌ها، در باغ‌هایی که شرایط برای رشد و تکثیر آفت فراهم باشد باعث خسارت می‌گردد. در این پژوهش، واکنش تابعی کفشدوزک شکارگر Menochilus sexmaculatus نسبت به تراکم‌های مختلف پوره‌های سن سه و چهار شته سبز انار به‌عنوان طعمه در دماهای 20، 5/22، 25، 5/27، و 30 (1±) برای ماده‌های بالغ 10 روزه و 25 و 5/27 (1±) درجه سلسیوس برای لاروهای سن سه و چهار و رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی بررسی شد. تراکم‌های استفاده شده برای لارو سن سه و چهار کفشدوزک شامل 2، 4، 8، 16، 32، 64، 100 و 128 طعمه و برای ماده بالغ و حشرات کامل نر و ماده 10 روزه شامل 8، 16، 32، 64، 100 و 128 طعمه بود و میزان تغذیه در هر تراکم پس از 24 ساعت ثبت شد. نوع واکنش‌تابعی به‌وسیله رگرسیون لجستیک و تخمین فراسنجه از طریق رگرسیون غیر خطی تعیین شد. واکنش تابعی تمامی مراحل مختلف رشدی کفشدوزک در تمام دماها از نوع دوم بود. نتایج نشان داد که دما در واکنش شکارگر به تراکم طعمه موثر بود و قدرت جستجوگری از دمای 5/22 تا دمای 5/27 افزایش یافت. بیش‌ترین و کمترین مقدار قدرت جستجوگری به ترتیب 14/0 و 05/0 بار در ساعت توسط حشرات بالغ ماده در دمای به ترتیب 5/27 و 5/22 درجه سلسیوس و برای زمان دستیابی به ترتیب 26/0 و 018/0 ساعت در دمای به ترتیب 20 و 5/22 درجه سلسیوس به‌دست آمد. بنابراین با نگرش به قدرت جستجوگری، دمای 5/27 درجه سلسیوس مناسب‌ترین دما برای فعالیت شکارگری این کفشدوزک در طبیعت در نظر گرفته می‌شود و مرحله رشدی حشرات کامل و لارو سن چهار بهترین مرحله است و در برنامه مهار زیستی شته سبز انار با این کفشدوزک در خور نگرش است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که کفشدوزک زیگزاگی شش‌لکه‌ای احتمالاً می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی برای مهار زیستی شته سبز انار در برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی آفات باغ‌های انار باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Functional Response of Six - Spotted Zigzag Ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Col.: Coccinellidae) to Pomegranate Green Aphid, Aphis punicae Pass. (Hem.: Aphididae) at Different Temperatures

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Fatemi 1
  • M. A. Samih 2
1 Department of Plant Protection. Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University
2 Department of Plant Protection. Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Aphids are tiny soft-body insect pests which damage the host plant directly through sap feeding and indirectly by transmission of plant viruses. Pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae is a common pest of pomegranate gardens in Iran. In some years, the aphid dramatically damages under the suitable conditions in that they can grow and reproduce. Lady beetles are small, brightly colored insects and belong to family Coccinellidae. These predators obtain necessary resources for their survival and reproduction from a variety of habitats. Menochilussexmaculatus (Col.: Coccinellidae) is one of the major predators of pests reported in the gardens of Iran. The zigzag beetle is a general entomophagouscoccinellid that feeds upon soft body insects such as aphids. The adults of M sexmaculatus are bright yellow in color with black vertical zigzag lines. The adults and larva prey upon all stages of aphids. The study of the predation efficiency of M. sexmaculatus would increase its chances to be used as a biological control agent M. sexmaculatus is an efficient predator of many aphid species, e.g. the mustard aphid, LipaphiserysimiKalt. The zigzag, beetle widely distributed and feed on aphid species in India, Pakistan, Borneo, Jawa Indonesia, and the UK. The Philippines, Islands of Bali, France, Sumatra and South Africa. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of temperature on some biological parameters of M. sexmaculatus by feeding on pomegranate green aphid, A.punicae. Menochilussexmaculatus is an effective predator to be used as a bio-control agent but the major challenge is its mass rearing and augmentation
Materials and Methods: The colony of M. sexmaculatus was established from about 100 adult beetles collected from a pomegranate orchard (GPS coordinates 30°23'42.31'' N and 55°56’51.11’ E) at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran, in October 2013.. Adults were held In a ventilated plastic box (25.0 x 20.0 x 10.0cm) and fed by pomegranate green aphids in a climate-controlled growth chamber set to 25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod. The functional response of different stages of M.sexmaculatus to different densities of 3rd and 4th nymphal stages of pomegranate green aphid were studied at temperatures of 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and 30 (±1)°C, for adult females (10-days old) in temperatures of 25 and 27.5(±1)°C for 3rd and 4th larval stages, at 65 ± 5 RH and 16:8 L: D photoperiod. The densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, and 128 3rd and 4th nymphal stages of aphid for 3rd and 4th larval stages and densities 8, 16, 32, 64, 100 and 128 for female and male adults. Females of lady beetle were used and the average feeding at any density was recorded after 24h. Type of functional response was determined using logistic regression and the searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th), were estimated by nonlinear regression. All the data in the Excel 2007 program was set. Curves and graphs were plotted using Excel 2007 software.
Results and Discussion: Type of the functional response of the all predator stages across all temperatures was type II. The results showed that the temperature is effective on functional response of predator, and searching efficiency of predator increased at temperatures of 22.5°C to 27.5°C. The maximum and minimum value of the searching efficiency were0.14 h-1 at 27.5°C and 0.0582 h-1 at 22.5°C and of handling time were 0.26 h at 20°C and 0.0182h at 22.5°C for adult females respectively.
Conclusion In general, the lady beetle at temperature of 27.5°C and in stages of 4th larval and adult would have the highest predatory efficiency. Application of this predator was interested in biological control programs of pomegranate green aphid. The data indicated that the M. sexmaculatus may be a useful candidate for the biological control of A. punacaein pomegranate gardens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Functional response
  • M. sexmaculatus
  • Pomegranate green aphid
  • temperature

مراجع

1- Abdollahi G., Afshari A., Baniameri V., Dadpour-Moghanlo H. Asadeh G., and Yazdanian M. 2012. Functional response of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col.; CoccInellidae) to citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hom.; Pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of plant protection, 35:1, 1-14. (in Persian with English abstract)
2- Agarwala B.K., and Yasuda H. 2000. Competitive ability of ladybird predators of aphids a review of Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricus (Col.: Coccinellidae) with a worldwide checklist of pray. Journal of the Aphidology, 14: 1-20.
3- Ali A., and Rizvi P.Q. 2009. Life table of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricus (Col.: Coccinellidae) at varying temperature on Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. World Applied Sciences Journal, 7(7): 897-901.
4- Alinaghizadeh A. 2011. Faunistic survey of ladybirds (Coccinellidae) In Kerman. MSc. Thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Vali-e-Asr University, 111pp (in Persian with English summary).
5- Asghari F., Samih M.A. and Mahdian K. 2012a. Some biological characteristics of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) reared on Brevicoryne brassicae L. and eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Biological Control of Plant Pest and Diseases 1: 19-27. (in Persian with English abstract).
6- Asghari F., Samih M.A., Mahdian K., Basirat M., and Izadi H. 2012b. Effects of temperature on some biological characteristics of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) reared on common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer and angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga crealella Olivier In laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Protection Science 42(1), 137-149. (in Persian with English abstract).
7- Atlihan R. M., and Kaydan B. 2002. Development, survival and reproduction of three coccinellids feeding on Hyalopterus pruni Geoffer (Homoptera: Aphidadae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 26: 119-124.
8- Bagheri M. R., and Mossadegh M., S. 1996. The faunistic studies of Coccinellidae In Charmahal Bakhtiari province (Part I Family: Chilocorinae and Coccinelidae). Journal of Agricultural Science, 7,8: 29-35. (in Persian with English abstract).
9- Bayhan E., Bayhan O., Ulusoy M. R., and Brown J. K. 2005. Effect of temperature on the biology of Aphis punicae (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on pomegranate. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 34: 22-26.
10- Booth R.G., Cox M.L., and Madge R.B. 1990. IIE guides to institute of important to Man Three International Institute of Entomology, 384.
11- Cartwright B.O., Eikenbary R.D., Johnson J.W., Farris T.N., and Morrison R.D. 1977. Field release and dispersal of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) an imported predator of the greenbug Schizaphis graminum. Environmental Entomology, 6: 699-704.
12- Coll M., and Ridgway R.L. 1995. Functional and numerical response of orius insidiosus to, Its prey In different vegetable crops. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88: 732-738.
13- De Clercq P., Mohaghegh J., and Tirry L. 2000: Effect of host plant on the functional response of predator Podisus nigripinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Biological Control, 18: 65–70.
14- Dehgan Dehnavi L., Samih M.A., Talebi A.A., and Goldasteh, S. 2007.Functional response of two-spotted lady beetle Adalia bipunctata (Col. Coccinellidae) on pomegranate aphid Aphis punicae (Hom.Aphididae) In controlled conditions. New Research of Agriculture, 1: 3, 215-223. (In Persian with English abstract)
15- Dixon A.F.G. 2000. Insect predator-prey dynamics ladybird beetles and biological control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 275.
16- Elbert T.A., and Cartwright B. 1997. Biology and ecology of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Society of Southwestern Entomologists, 22: 116-145.
17- Elhag E.T.A., and Zaitoon A.A. 1996. Biological parameters for four coccinellid species In central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biological Control, 7: 316-319.
18- Farhadi R., Allahyari H., and Juliano S. 2010. Functional response of larval and adult stages of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) to different densities of Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Environmental Entomology, 39(5): 1586-1592.
19- Ghosh S., Laskar N. and Senapati S. K. 2007. Seasonal incidence of predator Menochilus sexmaculatus (Berlinger) on brinjal and harmful effect of insecticides on the predator. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 41: 102-106.
20- Hasani M.R., Mehrnejad M.R., and Ostovan H. 2008. Some characteristics biology and predatory ladybird Oenopia conglobata contaminata common on pistachio psylla In vitro. Research Journal of Protection Forest In Iran, 6:110-117. (In persian with English abstract)
21- Hassell M.P., Lawton J.H., and Bedington J.R. 1977. Sigmoid functional responses by invertebrate predators and parasitoids. Journal of Animal Ecology, 46: 246-262.
22- Hassell M.P. 1978. The dynamics of arthropoda– prey system. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 237 p.
23- Holling C.S. 1966. the functional response of invertebrate predator to prey density. Entomology Society Canada, 48: 1-86.
24- Hussien M. Y. 1991. Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) its biology prey requirement and artificial diets. Journal of Plant Protection In the Tropics, 8: 153-60.
25- Isikber A.A., and Copland M.J.W. 2005. Food consumption and utilization by larvae of two coccinellid predators, Scymnus levaillanti and Cycloneda sanguinea, on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. Journal of Biological Control, 46: 455-67.
26- Jafari R., and Goldaste Sh. 2009. Functional response of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) On Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Homoptera: Aphididae) In laboratory conditions. Acta Entomology Sinica, 14(1): 93-100.
27- Jalali M.A., Tirry L., and De Clercq P. 2009. Effect of temperature on the functional response of Adalia bipunctata to Myzus persicae. Journal of Biological Control, 55: 261-269.
28- Jervis M., and Kidd N. 1996. Insect natural enemies, practical approaches to their study and evaluation. Chapman and Hall, London, 40-44.
29- Jogender S.R. 2006. Response of Coccinella septempunctata and Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) to their aphid prey, Lipaphis erysimi (Hem.: Aphididae) In rapeseed-mustard. European Journal of Entomology, 103: 81-83.
30- Juliano S.A. 2001. Nonlinear curve fitting: predation and functional response curves. pp. 178-216 In Scheiner, S. M. and Gurevitch, J. (Eds.) Design and analysis of ecological experiments. Oxford University Press, New York. 432 pp.
31- Karnataka J. 2007. Biology of ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) In middle Gujarat conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20: 634-636.
32- Khalili E. 2013. Biology and biological control potential of the Menochilus sexmaculatus (Col.: Coccinellidae) In laboratory conditions. MSc. Thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Vali-e-Asr University, (in Persian with English abstract).
33- Khan A.A., and Mir R.A. 2008. Functional response of four predaceous coccinellids, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Coccinella septempunctata L., Calvia punctata (Mulsant) and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) feeding on the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Biological Control, 22(2): 291-298
34- Lanzoni A., Accinelli G., Bazzacchi G.G., and Burgio G. 2004. Biological traits and life table of the exotic Harmonia axyridis compared with Hipopodamia variegata and Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 128(4): 298-306.
35- Lokhande R. K., and Mohan P. 1990. Study In biocontrol of aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. by ladybird beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) In chillies. Advance In Plant Science, 3: 281-6.
36- Madadi H., Mohajeri Parizi E., Allahyari H. and Enkegaard A. 2011. Assessment of the biological control capability of Hippodamia variegata (Col.: Coccinellidae) using functional response experiments. Journal of Pest Science, 84: 447-455.
37- Mari J. M., Rizvi N. H., Nizamani S. M., Qureshi K. H. and Lohar M. K. 2005. Predatory efficiency of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) and Coccinella undecimpunctata (Col.: Coccinellidae) on Alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis trifolii Monell. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 4(4): 365-369.
38- Messiana F.J., Jones T.A., and Neilson D.C. 1997. Host plant effects on the efficiency of two predators attacking Russian wheat aphid. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 26: 1398-1404.
39- Messiana F.J., and Hanks J. B. 1998. Host plant alerts the shape of the functional response of an aphid predator. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 27: 1196-1202.
40- Mirhosseini M.A., Michaud J.P., Jalali M.A., and Ziaaddini M. 2014. Paternal effects correlate with female reproductive stimulation In the polyandrous ladybird Cheilomenes sexmaculata. Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, 480–485
41- Obrycki J.J., and Kring T.J. 1998. Predaceous Coccinellidae In biological control. Annual Review of Entomology, 43: 295-321.
42- Omkar Prevez A. 2004. Functional and numerical responses of Propylea dissecta (Col: Coccinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 128: 140-146.
43- Rogers D. J. 1972. Random search and insect population models. Journal of Animal Ecology, 41: 369-383
44- Rounagh H., and Samih M. A. 2014. The two-sex life table and predation rate of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Col.: Coccinellidae) feeding on pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae (Hem.: Aphididae), under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 34(1), 59-72. (In Persian with English abstract)
45- Rounagh H., and Samih M. A. 2015.Functional response of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Col.: Coccinellidae) by feeding on pomegranate greenaphid, Aphis punicae (Hem.:Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Plant protection (scientific Journal of Agriculture), 38(1), 51-65.(In Persian with English abstract)
46- Sabaghi R., Sahragard A., and Hosseini R. 2011. Functional and numerical response of Scymnus syriacus Marseul (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Research, 51: 423-428.
47- Samih M.A. 1993. Morphology and identification of Aphis spp. (Hom.: Aphididae) In cooler region of southern Isfahan. Shahid Chamran University, Collage of Agriculture, 198 pp. (In Persian with English abstract).
48- Sarmento R.A., Pallini A., Venzon M., de Souza O.F.F., Molina-Rugama A.J., and de Oliveira C.L. 2007. Functional response of the predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to different prey types. Brazilian Archive of Biology and Technology, 50: 121-126. -49
49- Shakeri M., and Daneshvar M. 2004. Conference report on the achievements and problems of management Carob, Ectomyelois ceratoniae.Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Yazd, p. 13 (in Persian with English abstract).
50- Sheng C.W., Zhi-win C., Ji-jun R., and Yun-bo W. 2004. Functional responses of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricus (Col.: Coccinellidae) to peach aphid under different temperature. Chinese Journal, 2: 433-476.
51- Sirkanth J., and Lakkundi N.H. 1990. Seasonal population fluctuations of cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora koch and its predatory coccinellids. Insect Science and its Application, 11: 21-26
52- Solangi B.K.H., Hullio M.H., and Baloch N. 2007. Biological parameters and prey consumption by zigzag beetle Menochilus sexamaculatus Fabricus. (Col.: Coccinellidae) against Rhopalosiphum maidis fitch, Aphis gossypii Glov.And Therioaphis trifolii Monell. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, pp: 23.
53- Solomon M.E. 1949. The natural control of animal population. Animal Ecology 18:1-35.
Srivastava S., and Omkar. 2003. Influence of temperature on certain biological attributes of a ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. Entomologia Sinica, 10 (3):185-193
54- Timms J.E., Oliver T.H., Straw N.A., and Leather S.R. 2008. The effects of host plant on the coccinellid functional response: Is the conifer specialist Aphidecta obliterata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) better adapted to spruce than the generalist Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Biological Control, 47: 273-281.
55- Wiedenmann R.N., and Smith J.W. 1997. Attributes of the natural enemies In ephemeral crop habitats. Journal of Biological Control, 10: 16-22.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار