تاثیر کودهای ریز‌مغذی بر فعالیت آنزیم‌‌های گوارشی Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) در تغذیه از Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی ، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، محقق اردبیلی ، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

شته سبز هلو، Myzus persicae (Sulzer) یکی از آفات مهم فلفل دلمه Capsicum annuum L. می­باشد. کفشدوزک Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) شکارگر عمومی مهم گونه­های مختلف شته، از جمله M. persicae در مراحل لاروی و حشره کامل می­باشد. در مطالعه حاضر، تأثیر بر­هم­کنش غذایی بین گیاه- گیاه­خوار- دشمن طبیعی تحت تأثیر محلول­پاشی ریز مغذی آهن، روی، مس و منگنز در فلفل­دلمه بر فعالیت آنزیم­‌های گوارشی لاروهای بالغ سن سوم و چهارم H. variegata  تغذیه شده از M. persicae مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش‌ در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در هر تیمار انجام شد. فعالیت آنزیم­های گوارشی از جمله پروتئاز­کل، آلفا­آمیلاز و پروتئاز­های اختصاصی بر اساس پروتکل­های استاندارد اندازه­گیری شد. فعالیت پروتئاز­کل و تریپسین لاروهای سن سوم H. variegata پرورش­یافته در تیمارهای منگنز (583/0 و 296/19 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) و آهن (574/0 و 426/18 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود. براساس نتایج، بیشترین و کمترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های کیمو­تریپسین، آمینو­پپتیداز و کربوکسی­پپتیداز لاروهای سن سوم H. variegata به ترتیب در تیمارهای منگنز (518/15، 950/8 و 536/7 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) و شاهد (353/7، 139/2 و 665/2 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) مشاهده شد. بیشترین (952/18) و کمترین (139/9 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) فعالیت الاستاز لاروهای سن سوم شکارگر به ترتیب در تیمارهای آهن و شاهد ثبت شد. فعالیت بالاتر آلفا­آمیلاز لاروهای سن سوم H. variegata در تیمار آهن (20/25 واحد برمیلی­گرم بر پروتئین) ثبت شد. فعالیت پروتئاز کل و کیمو­تریپسین لاروهای سن چهارم H. variegata در تیمار آهن (183/0 و 396/10 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) در مقایسه با شاهد (036/0 و 763/6 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) و ریز­مغذی مس (059/0 و 655/6 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. بیشترین فعالیت تریپسین، الاستاز و آمینو­پپتیداز لاروهای سن چهارم شکارگر در تیمارهای آهن (893/6، 486/2، 317/2)، روی (543/6، 251/2، 827/1) و منگنز (631/5، 957/1، 055/2 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) در مقایسه با شاهد ثبت شد. فعالیت کربوکسی­پپتیداز لاروهای سن چهارم H. variegata در تمامی تیمارهای ریزمغذی نسبت به شاهد بیشتر بود. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آلفا­آمیلاز لاروهای سن چهارم H. variegata به ترتیب در تغذیه از ریز­مغذی‌های مس (64/17)، آهن (04/15 واحد بر میلی‌گرم پروتئین) و شاهد (160/9 واحد بر میلی‌گرم پروتئین) مشاهده شد. بنابراین استفاده از کودهای ریزمغذی با بهبود کیفیت گیاهان میزبان همراه با بکارگیری عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک مثل کفشدوزک H. variegata می­تواند در برنامه­های مدیریت آفات مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Micronutrient Fertilizers on Digestive Enzymes Activity of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) Fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

نویسندگان [English]

  • T. Alizamani 1
  • J. Shakarami 2
  • M. Mardani Talaee 3
  • A. Zibaee 4
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Lorestan University
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan-Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 The green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the severe pests of bell pepper Capsicum annuum L. in the greenhouse. Ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), is an important general predator in both larval and adult stages to various aphid species, including, M. persicae. In this study, the effect of nutritional interaction among plant-herbivore-natural enemy under the influence of foliar application of iron, zinc, copper and manganese in bell pepper on the activity of digestive enzymes of the third and fourth instar larvae of H. variegata fed on M. persicae was examined.
Materials and Methods
 The experiments were performed as a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment during 2020-2021 in the greenhouse and laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University. The foliar application of micronutrient carried out at four-to six-leaf stage with a certain amount of each micronutrient fertilizer. Then, sufficient number of the third and fourth instar larvae of H. variegata were randomly collected from each treatment and replication. The samples transferred to 1 mL of distilled water, and homogenized with a hand pestle. Then, the samples centrifuged at 13000 g for 15 min at 4°C. The supernatants as the enzyme source were collected and reserved at −20°C for starting biochemical assays. The activity of digestive enzymes was measured according to the standard protocols.
Results
 The results showed that the amount of digestive enzymes activity of the third and the fourth instar larvae of H. variegata fed on M. persicae reared on the different micronutrient treatments were higher than the control treatment. The total protease and the trypsin activity were higher in the third instar larvae H. variegata reared on manganese (0.583 and 19.296 U/mg protein) and iron (0.574 and 18.426 U/mg protein), respectively. The highest and lowest activity of chymotrypsin, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase were found in the third instar larvae in manganese (15.518, 8.95 and 7.536 U/mg protein) and control (7.353, 2.139 and 2.665 U/ mg protein) treatments, respectively. The highest (18.952) and lowest (9.139 U/ mg protein) elastase activity were found in the third instar larvae on iron and control, respectively. The higher activity of α-amylase (25.20 U/mg protein) was observed in the third instar larvae of H. variegata in iron treatments then the other treatments. The total protease (0.183 U/ mg protein) and the chymotrypsin (10.396 U/ mg protein) of the fourth instar larvae predatory had higher activities with iron treatment and these enzymes had lower activities on control (0.036 and 6.763 U/ mg protein) and copper (0.059 and 6.655 U/ mg protein) treatments. The highest activity of trypsin and aminopeptidase were observed in the fourth instar larvae of H. variegata fed on M. persicae reared on iron (6.893 and 2.317 U/ mg protein) and the highest activity of elastase was found on iron (2.486) and zinc (2.251 U/ mg protein, respectively). Also, the lowest activity of trypsin, aminopeptidase and elastase were found on control. The carboxypeptidase activity was higher in the fourth instar larvae H. variegata fed on the all micronutrients than the control. Also, the highest and lowest activity of α-amylase were observed in the fourth instar larvae H. variegata fed on micronutrients of copper and iron (17.64 and 15.04 U/ mg protein) and control (9.160 U/mg protein), respectively.
Discussion
 The results showed that the amount of digestive enzymes activity of the third and the fourth instar larvae of H. variegata fed on M. persicae reared on different micronutrient treatments were higher than the control treatment.
 Based on the results, the foliar application of plants with micronutrient fertilizers has a positive effect on the performance of predator of H. variegata through nutritional interaction and improving of the growth quality. Thus, the quality of host plants, as the first level of nutrition, has an important effect on the physiological characteristics of the predator on the third level of nutrition and show the positive effect of prey nutrients on the physiological performance of H. variegata that can be used in M. persicae management programs.
Conclusion
 Using different micronutrient fertilizers along with biological control agents such as ladybird H. variegata could be effective in integrated management programs of M. persicae through the growth quality improvement of the host plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digestive enzymes
  • Hippodamia variegata
  • Micronutrient fertilizers

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