مطالعه شب پره‌های زیرخانواده Xyleninae (Lep.: Noctuidae) در بخش‌هایی از غرب زاگرس در استان‌های خوزستان و ایلام

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

گونه­های خانواده Noctuidae در دوره لاروی گیاهخوار بوده و برخی در زمره خسارت‌بارترین آفات محصولات کشاورزی هستند. علاوه بر این، به‌عنوان گرده افشان و طعمه دیگر جانوران نیز در اکوسیستم نقش آفرینی می­کنند. هدف از این تحقیق شناخت بیشتر فون شب­پره­های زیر خانوادهXyleninae  از خانواده Noctuidae در کوه­های زاگرس در استان‌های خوزستان و ایلام بود. نمونه­ها در سال­های 1398-1397 در کوه­های زاگرس در استان­های خوزستان و ایلام و از مناطق بکر و طبیعی و به دور از اکوسیستم­ها کشاورزی با استفاده از تله نوری جمع­آوری شد. در این تحقیق 28 گونه متعلق به 19 جنس از زیرخانواده مذکور شناسایی شد. در بین نمونه­های جمع­آوری شده 9 گونه برای اولین بار از استان خوزستان و 15 گونه برای اولین بار از استان ایلام معرفی می­شوند. همچنین گونه Dichonia pinkeri (Kobes, 1973) برای اولین­بار از ایران گزارش می­شود. اطلاعات مربوط به بیونومی و پراکنش جغرافیایی نمونه­های مطالعه شده همراه با ویژگی­های افتراقی، تصاویر الگوی بال و اندام تناسلی برای D. pinkeri ارائه شده است. از بین گونه­های جمع­آوری شده، 13 گونه در هر دو استان مشترک بود و از بین اینها Hoplodrina ambigua (Denis & Schiffermüller) و Polyphaenis monophaenis Brandt برای فون هر دو استان جدید بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the Moths of the Subfamily Xyleninae (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Parts of Western Zagros in Khuzestan and Ilam Provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Ahmadi 1
  • M. Esfandiari 1
  • A. Shirvani 2
1 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Noctuidae species are herbivores as caterpillars and some of them are most destructive crop pests. Moreover, they role as pollinators and prey in ecosystem. Early researches on Noctuidae of Iran were published more than 150 years ago. In recent two decades, Iranian researchers investigated the Noctuidae fauna of Iran and published several articles on different subfamilies. The subfamily Xyleninae may be paraphyletic and defined by plesiomorphic character states. Xyleninae in classic taxonomy is defined by the valva of male genitalia which is not as much constricted below the cucullus at the distal end of the clasper. The cuculus usually is expanded and bears a corona of stout setae. The ampulla is small and usually finger-like, except in Xylenina. Dorsal surface of saculus is usually irregular in direction to the base. Vesica is often short and tube-like or triangular with few basal cornuti and an elongated patch of spines on the apical half of the vesica. In female genitalia, the ductus bursae is short and heavily sclerotized; and the appendix bursae is small and inconspicuous or absent. It is worth mentioning that Lepidoptera species are one of the important elements of Zagros mountain ranges which dominated by oak forests. Their larvae are important leaf-eaters of oak plants. Therefore, the aim of this research was determining the moths’ fauna of Xyleninae subfamily belonging to Noctuidae in Zagros Mountains of Khuzestan and Ilam provinces. 
Materials and Methods
 Numerous night samplings were done to study the fauna of Xyleninae subfamily (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Zagros Mountains in the provinces of Khuzestan and Ilam during 2018-2019. Sampling was performed by light traps powered by 12 volt batteries and 8 watt UVB light tubes. Sampling areas were two locations in Khuzestan province namely Imamzadeh Abdollah village in Baghmalek (31°22'24"N, 50°07'51"E, 1540 m and 31°23'10"N, 50°09'29"E, 2360 m) and Shelal village in Andika (32°16'19"N, 49°33'07"E, 1700 m and 32°19'10"N, 49°35'06"E, 1465 m) as well as two locations in Ilam province namely Kabir-Kouh in Abdanan (33°02'57"N, 47°18'04"E, 1215 m and 33°03'53"N, 47°18'40"E, 1730 m) and Protected Area of Manesht and Ghelarang (33°34'47"N, 46°33'52"E, 1455 m and 33°34'33"N, 46°36'15"E, 2215 m). The specimens and genitalia slides were deposited in the Insect and Mite Collection of Ahvaz (IMCA), Plant Protection Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Results and Discussion
 A total of 28 species belonging to 19 genera of Xyleninae were collected and identified. Among them, 9 and 15 species were new to the fauna of Khuzestan and Ilam provinces, respectively. Furthermore, Dichonia pinkeri (Kobes, 1973) is newly recorded from the fauna of Iran. Notes on the bionomy and distribution of the collected species as well as diagnostic characters and illustrations of wing patterns and genitalia for the D. pinkeri were presented. According to the results, 9 species have not been recorded in the previous investigations in Khuzestan province. These species are as follows; Caradrina boursini, Hoplodrina ambigua, Polyphaenis monophaenis, Apamea syriaca fuscorhoda, Sesamia sp., Atethmia centrago, Evisa schawerdae, Leucochlaena muscosa, Pseudenargia deleta. 15 out of 17 collected species in Ilam were new for the fauna of this province. Because this province was less explored previously for Noctuidae fauna. This indicates that we are still far from a complete provincial list of the Noctuidae in Iran. It needs more samplings especially in area and times which less explored already and using different methods such as bait traps. We didn’t present the results on Agrochola species here and will treat them separately. 13 species were collected in both studied provinces, among which two species Hoplodrina ambigua and Polyphaenis monophaenis were new for the fauna of Khuzestan and Ilam. This implies that habitat of such species are Zagros areas including oak forest vegetations and their distribution range may be further expanded in Zagros range. Comparing to the results of Esfandiari et al. (2011) on the noctuid fauna of sugarcane plantations in Khuzestan province, only Spodoptera exigua and Caradrina clavipalpis out of their 9 Xyleninae species were recorded in the present study. This is because of semidesert climate in sugarcane farms which differs from climate and land cover of our sampling areas. It is necessary to investigate the noctuid fauna, complete the checklists and provide identification catalogues for Iran. Also, larval stages and food plants must be studied in each area. Furthermore, we need local taxonomic revisions in some groups. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dichonia pinkeri
  • Distribution
  • Fauna
  • New records

مراجع

  1. Ahmadi, M., Esfandiari, M., & Shirvani, A. (2021). A study on Agrochola l. (Lep.: Noctuidae) of Iran with three new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 7(3): 323–335.
  2. Benedek, B., Babics, J., & Bálint, Zs. (2021). Faunistical records and annotations for a better knowledge of the Tajikistani moth and butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea, Papilionoidea). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 17(1): 61–76.
  3. Bidar, Z. (2010). Survey on fauna of Noctuidae family (Subfamilies: Hadeninae, Xyleninae, Plusiinae, Eublemminae) in Kerman province. MSc thesis, Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 143 pp. (In Persian with English abstract)
  4. Bienert, T. (1870). Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Persien in den Jahren 1858 und 1859. 56 pp.
  5. Brandt, (194l). Beitrag zur Lepidopteren - Fauna von Iran (3). Neue Agrotiden, nebst Faunenverzeichnissen. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft 31: 835-863.
  6. Choi, S.W. (2011). Moth diversity and identification of indicator species in temperate forests of southern South Korea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 104(5): 952-959. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10130.
  7. Ebert, G., & Hacker, H.H. (2002). Beitrag zur Fauna der Noctuidae des Iran: Verzeichnis der Bestände imStaatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, taxonomische Bemerkungen und Beschreibung neuer Taxa(Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). Esperiana 9: 237-409.
  8. Esfandiari, M., Mossadegh, M.S., & Shishehbor, P. (2011). Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) from sugarcane fields of SW Iran. Fragmenta Fauneistica 2: 137-147.
  9. Esfandiari, M., Rabieh, M.M., Matov, A., & Mossadegh, M.S. (2015). A survey of Erebidae, Nolidae and Euteliidae (Lepidoptera) in southern and northeastern of Iran. Redia 98: 77-92.
  10. Feizpoor, Sh., & Shirvani, A. (2014). New Records of noctuid moths (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 16(1): 37-47.
  11. Fibiger M. (1997). Noctuinae III – Noctuidae Europaeae, vol. 3. Sorø. 418 pp.
  12. Fibiger, M. & Hacker, H.H. (2007). Amphipyrinae, Condicinae, Eriopinae, Xyleninae (Part)- Noctuidae Europaeae, 9. Sorø. 410 pp.
  13. Fibiger, M., & Lafontaine, J.D. (2005). A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7–92.
  14. Gutleb, B., & Wieser, Ch. (2002). Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Exkursion in den Nordiran, 2001. Carinthia 2(192/112): 33-140.
  15. Hacker, H.H. (1990). “Die Noctuidae Vorderasiens (Lepidoptera), Systematische Liste mit einer Übersicht über die Verbreitung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Faunader Türkei (einschlielich der Nachbargebiete Balkan, Südrussland, Westtukestan, Arabische HalbinselÄgypten). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 27: 1–707.
  16. Hacker, H.H. (2001). Fauna of the Nolidae and Noctuidae of the Levante with descriptions and taxonomicEsperiana 8: 7-398.
  17. Hacker, H.H. (2004). Revision of the genus Caradrina Ochsenheimer, 1816, with notes on other genera of the tribus Caradrini (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Esperiana 10: 7-690.
  18. Hacker, H.H., & Kautt, P. (1999). Noctuoidea aus dem Iran, gesamelt 1997 von A. Hofmann und P. Kautt (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Esperiana 14: 1-686.
  19. Kazemi, E. (2013). Biodiversity of the genus Polymixis Hubner, [1820] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Xyleninae) in Iran. Natura Montenegrina 12(1): 65-69.
  20. Khanjani, M. (2009). Field crop pests in Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University Press. 719 pp.
  21. Koçak, A.Ö., & Kemal, M. (2014). Lepidoptera of Iran based upon the Info-system of the Cesa. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara 31: 1015-8243.
  22. Kravchenko, V.D., Fibiger, M., Hausmann, A., & Müller, G.C. (2007). The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 2, Noctuidae. Pensoft Series, Moscow. 320 pp.
  23. Legrain, A., Yela, J.L., & Fibiger, M. (1989). Evisa schawerdai Reisser, 1930, espèce nouvelle pour la faune de la Péninsule Ibérique (Noctuidae, Cuculliinae). Nota Lepidopterologica 11: 265-273.
  24. Lehmann, L., Stadie, D., & Zahiri, R. (2009). Zum Winteraspekt der Makrolepidopterenfauna Südirans mit Anmerkungen zur Biologie einiger Arten (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea, Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 30(3): 105-119.
  25. Lehmann, L., & Zahiri, R. (2011). Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera) (plates 19-22). Esperiana 16: 135-165.
  26. Lodl, M., Gaal-Haszler, S., Jovanovic-Kruspel, S., Ronkay, G., Ronkay, L., & Varga, Z. 2012. The Vartian Collection. Part I. Noctuoidea. Fibigeriana-Volum1.-Heterocera press, Budapest. 303 pp.
  27. Mossadegh, M.S., & Kocheili, F. (2003). A semi descriptive checklist of identified species of arthropods (agricultural, medical, …) and other pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press. 475 pp.
  28. Mozaffarian, V. (2008). Flora of Ilam. Farhang Moaser Pub., 936 pp.
  29. Nieukerken, E.Jv., Kaila, L., Kitching, I.J., Kristensen, N.P., & Lees, DC. (2011). Order Lepidoptera. In: Zhang Z-Q, editor. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 212–221.
  30. Noroozi, J., Akhani,, & Breckle, S.W. (2007). Biodiversity and phytogeography of the alpine flora of Iran.Biodiversity and Conservation 17(3): 493–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9246-7.
  31. Patocka, J., Capek, M. & Charvat, K. (1962). Príspevok k poznaniu korunovej fauny článkonožcov na duboch Slovenska, predovšetkým so zreteľom na rad Lepidoptera. Biologické práce 8(5): 5–156.
  32. Patocka, J., Kristin, A., Kulfan, J., & Zach, P. (1999). DieEichensch adlinge und ihre Feinde. Institut fur Wald okologieder Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Zvolen. 396pp.
  33. Pekarsky, O. (2012). Taxonomic overview of Polymixis serpentina (Treitschke, 1825) species-group, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae). ZooKeys 201: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.3035.
  34. Poorshabanan, P., & Shirvani, A. (2012). A new record of Scotochrosta Lederer, 1757 (Lep.: Noctuidae: Xyleninae) from Iran. In 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Shiraz, Iran (p. 127).
  35. Rabieh, M.M., Esfandiari, M., & Seraj, A.A. (2013). A contribution to the fauna of subfamilies Metoponiinae, Bryophilinae and Xyleninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in NE Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 9(1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.22067/IJAB.V9I1.33302.
  36. Rajaei, H., Rödder, D., Weigand, A.M., Dambach, J., Raupach, M.J., & Wägele, J.W. (2013). Quaternary refugia in southwestern Iran: insights from two sympatric moth species (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Organism Diversity & Evolution 13(3): 409–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-013-0126-6.
  37. Ravan, B., Esfandiari, M., Mossadegh, M.S., & Rabieh, M.M. (2016). Introducing some moths ofNoctuinae (Lep.: Noctuidae) from southern areas of Zagros in Khuzestan and Fars provinces. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 13(2): 113-131. (In Persian with English abstract) https://doi.org/22092/IJFRPR.2016.106019.
  38. Regier, J.C., Zwick, A., Cummings, M.P., Kawahara, A.Y., Cho, S., Weller, S., Roe, A., Baixeras, J., Brown, J.W., Parr, C., Davis, D.R., Epstein, M., Hallwachs, W., Hausmann, , Janzen, D.H., Kitching, I.J., Solis, M.A., Yen, S.H., Bazinet, A.L., & Mitter, C. (2009). Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 280-300. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-280.
  39. Ronkay, L., & Gyulai, P. (2006). New Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) species from Iran and Tibet. Esperiana 12: 211-241.
  40. Ronkay, L., Yela, G., & Hreblay, M. (2001). Hadeninae II (Part)–Noctuidae Europaea, 5. Sorø. 452 pp.
  41. Shahreyari-Nejad, S., Esfandiari, M., Rasekh, A., Mossadegh, M.S., & Shirvani, A. (2018). New records of Noctuinae for Iran with additional distribution data (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia 46(181): 145-155.
  42. Shahreyari-Nejad, S., Esfandiari, M., Rasekh, A., Mossadegh, M.S., & Shirvani, A. (2020). Faunistic records of Noctuidae from Iran, with two new records for the country (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia 48(190): 239-252.
  43. Shahreyari-Nejad, S., Esfandiari, M., Rasekh, A., Mossadegh, M.S., Shirvani, A., & Rabieh, M.M. (2017). First record of Caradrina (Eremodrina) turcomana Hacker, 2004 for Iran with a catalogue of the genus Caradrina Ochsenheimer, 1816 of Iran (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 13(2): 137-158. https://doi.org/10.22067/IJAB.V13I2.63613.
  44. Shirvani, A. (2012). Noctuidae moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) with Iranian type locality. Check List 8 (6): 1134- 1157. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.6.1134.
  45. Shirvani, A., Ronkay, L., Kamali, K., & Talebi, A.A. (2008). A new Pseudohadena Alphéraky, 1889 species from Iran (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae). Esperiana 14: 577-580.
  46. Steiner, A. (1991). A note on the nomenclature of Evisa schawerdae Reisser, 1930 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and on the interpretation of article 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Frankfurt, N.F. 11(4): 241-244.
  47. Wieser, C., & Stangelmaier, G. (2005). Zwischenergebnisse einer lepidopterologischen Forschungsreise in den Nordiran. Oktobr 2003 (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Carinthia 2: 659-674.
  48. Wiltshire, E.P. (1946). Middle East Lepidoptera V. A new genus, a new species, and two new races from Iran, with taxonomic notes on other Persian heterocera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 15: 118-128.
  49. Zilli, A., Varga, Z., Ronkay, G., & Ronkay, L. (2009). The Witt Catalogue: A taxonomic atlas of the Eurasian and North African Noctuoidea. Apameini 1, vol. 3. Heterocera press. 393pp.

 

ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار