پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

اثر منابع کودی نیتروژن بر رشد، عملکرد و توانایی تحمل رقابتی کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) در تراکم‌های مختلف تاج‌خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان
اعظم مهرگان نیا
سید عبدالرضا کاظمینی
گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز
10.22067/jpp.2023.78423.1102
چکیده
به­منظور ارزیابی اثر منابع کودی نیتروژن بر رشد، عملکرد و توانایی تحمل رقابتی کینوا در تراکم­های مختلف تاج­خروس، آزمایشی مزرعه­ای بصورت اسپیلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز در سال 1401 اجرا شد. فاکتور‌ها شامل منابع کودی نیتروژن (شاهد، اوره، اوره با پوشش گوگردی و نیترات آمونیوم) به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تراکم­های علف هرز تاج­خروس‌ (صفر، 5، 10، 15، 20 و 25 بوته در متر مربع) به­عنوان فاکتور‌ فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد افزایش تراکم علف هرز تاج­خروس باعث کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کینوا شد. کاربرد کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی حتی در بالاترین تراکم علف هرز تاج‌خروس (25 بوته در متر مربع) نسبت به سایر منابع کودی با افزایش توانایی تحمل رقابتی کینوا منجر به بهبود ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک به ترتیب به میزان 1/1، 5/2، 5/2، 1/1، 8/2 و 8/1 برابر در مقایسه با تیمار بدون کود شد. شاخص توانایی تحمل رقابتی در بالاترین تراکم علف هرز (25 بوته در متر مربع) با کاربرد منابع کودی اوره، اوره با پوشش گوگردی و نیترات آمونیوم به ترتیب به میزان 5/6، 8/37 و 4/22 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار بدون کود افزایش یافت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که به نظر می­رسد کاربرد کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی می­تواند به دلیل رهاسازی آهسته و طولانی­مدت نیتروژن و تاثیر بر رشد رویشی گیاه و اندازه و طول عمر برگ و نهایتا توسعه سطح سبزینه­ای و سایه­انداز گیاهی نیز نقش مهمی در افزایش توانایی تحمل رقابتی گیاه کینوا داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ارتفاع بوته
اوره با پوشش گوگردی
توانایی تحمل رقابتی
شاخص سطح برگ
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