تأثیر دما و تنش خشکی بر جوانه‌زنی بذر تاج خروس خزنده (Amaranthus viridis L.) و خوابیده (Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی-واحد علوم و تحقیقات

چکیده

جوانه‌زنی بذر در مدیریت علف‌های هرز فرآیندی کلیدی است بطوری‌که می‌تواند بر تعداد علف‌های هرز سبز شده و زمان سبز شدن آنها تعیین کننده باشد. تاج خروس خزنده و خوابیده از جمله علف‌های هرز مهم سبزیجات و گیاهان زراعی تابستانه در ایران هستند. به منظور ارزیابی اثر دما بر جوانه‌زنی این دو علف هرز، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی و با 4 تکرار در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد علوم و تحقیقات در سال 1394 انجام شد. بذور با دماهای 5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 40 و 45 درجه سانتی‌گراد تیمار شدند. با توجه به مدل خطوط متقاطع دماهای پایه، بهینه و بیشینه به ترتیب در تاج خروس خزنده 37/14، 21/34 و 50/44 و در تاج خروس خوابیده 24/14، 65/31 و 20/44 درجه سانتی‌گراد به دست آمدند. در آزمایشی دیگر 7 سطح پتانسیل اسمزی (0، 2/0-، 4/0-، 6/0-، 8/0- و 1- مگاپاسکال) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. به منظور ارزیابی پتانسیل سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی در کاهش درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر از مدل سیگموئید سه پارامتری استفاده شد. به طور کلی مقادیر x50 (پتاسیل لازم برای کاهش 50 درصدی جوانه‌زنی) به دست آمده برای تاج خروس خوابیده نسبت به تاج خروس خزنده کمتر بود. تاج خروس خزنده در پتانسیل 1- مگاپاسکال توانست 25/9 درصد جوانه زند ولی در این پتانسیل تاج خروس خوابیده جوانه نزد که نشان دهنده تحمل بالاتر تنش خشکی توسط این گونه بود. با توجه به داده‌های به دست آمده هر دو گونه می‌توانند در اقلیم‌های نیمه گرم و گرم جوانه زنند. تحمل هر دو گونه نسبت به تنش خشکی بالا بود اما تاج خروس خزنده تحمل بالاتری داشته و بنابراین پتانسیل تهاجم بیشتری به مناطق خشک دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Temperature and Drought Stress on Germination of Slender Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) and Prostrate Pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson) Seeds

نویسنده [English]

  • Marjan Diayanat
, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) and prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson) are two common weeds in vegetables and summer crop fields of Iran. The two Amaranthus species have all the attributes required by ecologically successful annual weeds: rapid growth, early reproduction and continuous seed production. Knowledge of the germination requirements of these weeds will helps determine the proper conditions for germination and emergence and allow better management of them. Water and temperature are determining factors for seed germination of weed. Both factors can, separately or jointly, affect the germination percentage and germination rate. Water stress is one of the main constraints on plant growth and the most common environmental stresses around the world. Water stress affects the different aspects of plant growth and causes reduction and delay in seed germination. Seed germination of all plant species requires a minimum of water to be absorbed and swelled and that is why osmotic potential should not be less than a certain amount.
Materials and Methods: Seeds were harvested from vegetable fields of Karaj. For breaking dormancy, seeds were treated with concentrated sulfuric acid for two minutes. Two experiments were conducted at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Ecology lab, in 2016. First experiment was based on completely randomized design with 4 replications .The seeds were treated with different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45oC). Germination percentage and germination rate were measured and seed were considered to have germinated with the emergence of the radical. Intersected lines model is used to determine the cardinal temperature. Second experiment was conducted to determine the effects of simulated dry conditions (use PEG) and temperature on seed germination of slender amaranth and prostrate pigweed. Exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) solutions has been effectively used to mimic drought stress with limited metabolic interferences as those associated to the use of low molecular weight. Over a 21d period, germination was studied in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C constant temperatures and water potentials of 0, -0.2, -.04, -.06, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa. The number of 25 seeds were placed into petri dishes, then 10 ml of prepared drought solution was added to each petri dishe. Petri dishes, then, were placed in germinator in circadian alternation of 12 h light and 12 h darkness, under 9 temperatures and a relative humidity of 65 %. Data were statistically analyzed using analyses of variance in the SAS 9:1 software. Probabilities of significance were used to indicate significance among treatments and interaction effects. FLSD (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cardinal temperature
  • Intersected-lines Model
  • Sigmoid model
  • Weed

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