کنترل شته سبز هلو به‌وسیله قارچ Metarhizium anisopliae و سم ایمیداکلوپرید روی سه رقم کلزا در شرایط نیمه طبیعی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته

چکیده

اثر قارچ Metarhizium anisopliae، دز زیر کشنده سم ایمیداکلوپرید،‌ شته Myzus persicae و ارقام مختلف کلزا در شرایط نیمه طبیعی درون قفس‌هایی از جنس طلق پلاستیکی در گلخانه (دمای 3 ± 27 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±90 درصد) نشان داد که غلظت مزرعه‌ای و نیمه مزرعه‌ای قارچ و هم‌چنین ترکیب هر کدام با دز معادل LC10 ایمیداکلوپرید به طور قابل توجهی جمعیت شته سبز هلو را کاهش داد. مقایسه میانگین درصد مرگ‌ و‌ میر شته‌ها، 7 و 23 روز پس از تیمار بیانگر گسترش بیمارگر در جمعیت شته بود. مقایسة تیمارهای مختلف مشخص نمود، ایمیداکلوپرید تاثیر منفی روی بیمارگری قارچ نداشته بلکه باعث افزایش کارآیی قارچ شد. بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین میانگین وزن خشک گیاه به ترتیب مربوط به رقم لیکورد در تیمار حاوی غلظت مزرعه‌ای قارچ به علاوه ایمیداکلوپرید (48/0±57/4 گرم) و RGS003 در تیمار حاوی دز زیرکشندگی ایمیداکلوپرید (27/0±29/1 گرم) بود و بین آن‌ها اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت. مقایسة ارقام مختلف نشان داد بیش‌ترین میزان استقرار شته در رقم زرفام (92/126±50/2040 شته) و کم‌ترین آن در رقم (17/213±17/1583 شته) RGS003 اتفاق افتاد، اما بین ارقام لیکورد و زرفام اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده نشد. نتایج نشان داد برای کنترل شته سبز هلو، استفاده از غلظت نیمه مزرعه‌ای قارچ به همراه LC10 ایمیداکلوپرید در مقایسه با بقیه‌ی تیمارها می‌تواند بهترین گزینه باشد. چرا که علاوه بر ایجاد میانگین درصد مرگ و میر قابل ملاحظه پس از یک هفته، غلظت کم‌تری از قارچ نیز مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Control of Green Peach Aphid by using Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Imidacloprid, on three Canola Cultivars, under Microcosm Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Talepour 1
  • Maryam Rashki 2
  • Asghar Shirvani 1
1 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Assistant Professor
چکیده [English]

The effect of the fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid, the aphid, Myzus persicae and the three canola cultivars under microcosm conditions inside plastic cages in greenhouse (27 ± 3°C, RH 90 ± 5 %) indicated that field and semi-field concentrations of the fungus significantly reduced the population of Green Peach Aphid (GPA) as well as in combination with LC10 of imidacloprid. Comparison of mean percent of the GPA mortality, 7 and 23 days after treatment, indicated the distribution of pathogen inside the aphid population. Comparing different treatments determined that not only imidacloprid had no negative impact on pathogenicity of fungal pathogens but also increased the efficiency of the fungus.The highest and lowest mean value of plant dry weight was concerned to the Licord in treatment containing field concentration of the fungus plus imidacloprid (4.57 ± 0.48 gr) and the RGS003 cultivar in treatment including sublethal dose of imidacloprid (1.29±0.27 gr), respectively and there was significant difference between them. Comparison of different cultivars showed the highest mean number of the GPA colonisation on the Zarfam (2040.50±126.92 aphids) and the lowest one (1583.17±213.17 aphids) on the RGS003 cultivar, respectively but no significant difference was observed between Zarfam and Licord cultivars. The results indicated that using semi-field concentration of M. anisopliae added with LC10 of imidacloprid in compared with the other treatments to control the GPA could be the best alternative. In addition to cause remarkable mean mortality percent after a week, the less fungal concentration was applied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola cultivar
  • Neonicotinoid insecticides
  • Microcosm conditions
  • Entomopathogenic fungus
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