بررسی زنده‌مانی بذور فرفیون خوابیده (Euphorbia maculata) در شرایط محیطی مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

در بررسی احتمال گسترش علف هرز تازه وارد فرفیون خوابیده (Euphorbia maculata) و مشکل ساز مزارع سویای استان گلستان، زنده‌مانی بذور این علف هرز در خاک، آب و تحت شرایط دمای بالا تحت آزمایش هایی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تکرار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سطوح تیمارهای ارزیابی پایداری بذور در خاک و آب به ترتیب شامل 1 تا 11 ماه دفن بذور در عمق 15-10 سانتی متری خاک و 1 تا 9 هفته غوطه ور سازی بذور در آب بود. آزمایش برای ارزیابی تأثیر دمای بالا به صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی اجرا شد که عوامل آن دما در پنج سطح (دمای محیط (25 درجه سانتی گراد به عنوان شاهد)، 80، 100، 120 و 140 درجه سانتی گراد)، مدت اعمال دما (1 و 5 دقیقه) و وضعیت رطوبتی بذر در دو سطح (خشک و مرطوب) بود. نتایج نشان داد که جوانه زنی بذور فرفیون خوابیده طی 11 ماه در خاک، بالای 95 درصد بود. بذور در شرایط غوطه-وری در آب قادر به جوانه زنی نبودند. بذور خارج شده از آب پس از 2 هفته، بالای 90 درصد جوانه زدند، اما با افزایش زمان غوطه وری درصد جوانه زنی آن‌ها کاهش یافت، به طوری که پس از 9 هفته، بذور زنده مانی خود را از دست دادند. درجه حرارت بالا تأثیر معنی داری بر درصد و سرعت جوانه-زنی داشت. جوانه زنی با افزایش دما کاهش یافت، به طوری که بالاترین و پایین ترین جوانه زنی به ترتیب در شاهد و دمای 140 سانتی گراد مشاهده شد. دمای بالا، مدت زمان و میزان رطوبت بذر، اثر متقابل داشتند. دمای 140 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت 5 دقیقه مانع جوانه زنی بذور مرطوب شد. براساس این نتایج، بذور فرفیون خوابیده از پایداری بالایی در خاک برخوردار هستند. حفظ زنده مانی بذور در آب به مدت چند هفته، امکان پراکنش آن توسط آب آبیاری را فراهم می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seed Viability of Spotted Spurge (Euphorbia maculata) in Various Environmental Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rayhaneh Asgarpour
  • reza ghorbani
  • mohammad khajeh hosseini
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

To investigate the spreading possibility of spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) as a new-introduced and troublesome weed species of soybean field in Golestan province, viability of this weed seed in soil, water and elevated temperature conditions were examined. Experiments were conducted as completely randomized design with eight replications. Treatment levels of seed viability in soil and water included 1-11 months of seed burial at 10-15 cm depth, and 1-9 weeks of seed soaked in water, respectively. Evaluation of high temperature effect were carried out as three-factor factorial experiment that consisted of 5 temperature levels (ambient temperature (25 ˚C as control), 80, 100, 120 and 140 ˚C), two exposure times (1 and 5 min), and seed moisture status in two levels (dry and wet). The results indicated that buried seed in soil after 11 months showed germination above 95%. Seeds were not able to germinate under submergence. Removed seed of water after 2 weeks germinated above 90%, but it reduced with increasing immersion time, as after 9 weeks lost their viability. Elevated temperature had significant effect on germination. Germination was significantly reduced by increasing temperature, as the maximum and minimum of germination was observed at control and 140 ˚C, respectively. Elevated temperature, exposure times and seed moisture content had interaction effect. Germination of wet seeds completely inhibited at 140 ˚C for 5 min. Based on these results, spotted spurge seeds had high persistence in the soil. Seed viability in water for a few weeks will provide the chance of dispersal by water irrigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flooding
  • Germination
  • High temperature
  • Seed bank
  • Seed viability

مراجع

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