Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Recognition the Principle Agent of Common Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in North Khorasan Province
Recognition the Principle Agent of Common Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in North Khorasan Province
31409
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11800
FA
Omid Ali
Amarloo
Department of Plant Production Engineering,Faculty of Agriculture,Technical and Vocational University (TVU),Khorasan Razavi,Iran
0009-0001-0405-6066
Hamid
Rouhani
Ferdouwsi university of mashhad
Esmat
Mahdikhani Moghadam
Journal Article
2012
03
10
چکیده
پوسیدگی عمومی طوقه و ریشه گندم در سالهای اخیر بهعنوان یک بیماری مهم در استان خراسان شمالی جلب توجه نموده است. به منظور شناسایی عامل یا عوامل اصلی قارچی بیماری در سال های زراعی 86- 1385و87 - 1386 نمونه برداریهائی از مزارع گندم آبی مشکوک به بیماری درمناطق شیروان، فاروج، بجنورد، اسفراین و مانه و سملقان در سه مرحله گیاهچه، پنجه زنی تا ساقه رفتن و ظهور سنبله تا سفت شدن دانه به عمل آمد. از بافتهای آلوده قارچهای ,Bipolaris sorokiniana Periconia circinata ، Coniothyrium cerealisو Phoma sp. جدا و خالص سازی شد. بررسی بیماریزایی و اثر قارچهای ذکر شده بر وزن تر و خشک ریشه در شرایط تنش رطوبتی با اضافه نمودن زادمایه هر قارچ با خاک اتو کلاو شده مزرعه و در بستر پرلیت در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. مشخصات علائم حاصله نشان داد که شباهت زیادی بین علائم موجود روی بوتههای مشکوک به بیماری که از مزرعه جمعآوری شده بودند و علائم بهوجود آمده روی بوتههای آزمایشی وجود دارد. مقایسه میانگین وزن تر و خشک ریشه و طوقه بوتههای تلقیح شده بوسیله قارچهای ذکر شده به روش آزمون دانکن نیز نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری در سطح پنج درصد بین آنها وجود دارد. بیشترین و کمترین کاهش وزن ریشه و طوقه به ترتیب مربوط به بوتههای تلقیح شده بوسیله B. sorokiniana (با 06/85 درصد ) و C. cerealis (با 58/20 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد تعیین گردید. بوتههای تلقیح شده با دو قارچ Phoma sp. وcircinata . Pبه ترتیب با59/84 و 03/57 درصدکاهش وزن نسبت به شاهد حالت حد واسطی را نشان دادند.
واژه های کلیدی : پوسیدگی عمومی ریشه، گندم،Phoma ,Coniothyrium ,Periconia ,Bipolaris
چکیده
پوسیدگی عمومی طوقه و ریشه گندم در سالهای اخیر بهعنوان یک بیماری مهم در استان خراسان شمالی جلب توجه نموده است. به منظور شناسایی عامل یا عوامل اصلی قارچی بیماری در سال های زراعی 86- 1385و87 - 1386 نمونه برداریهائی از مزارع گندم آبی مشکوک به بیماری درمناطق شیروان، فاروج، بجنورد، اسفراین و مانه و سملقان در سه مرحله گیاهچه، پنجه زنی تا ساقه رفتن و ظهور سنبله تا سفت شدن دانه به عمل آمد. از بافتهای آلوده قارچهای ,Bipolaris sorokiniana Periconia circinata ، Coniothyrium cerealisو Phoma sp. جدا و خالص سازی شد. بررسی بیماریزایی و اثر قارچهای ذکر شده بر وزن تر و خشک ریشه در شرایط تنش رطوبتی با اضافه نمودن زادمایه هر قارچ با خاک اتو کلاو شده مزرعه و در بستر پرلیت در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. مشخصات علائم حاصله نشان داد که شباهت زیادی بین علائم موجود روی بوتههای مشکوک به بیماری که از مزرعه جمعآوری شده بودند و علائم بهوجود آمده روی بوتههای آزمایشی وجود دارد. مقایسه میانگین وزن تر و خشک ریشه و طوقه بوتههای تلقیح شده بوسیله قارچهای ذکر شده به روش آزمون دانکن نیز نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری در سطح پنج درصد بین آنها وجود دارد. بیشترین و کمترین کاهش وزن ریشه و طوقه به ترتیب مربوط به بوتههای تلقیح شده بوسیله B. sorokiniana (با 06/85 درصد ) و C. cerealis (با 58/20 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد تعیین گردید. بوتههای تلقیح شده با دو قارچ Phoma sp. وcircinata . Pبه ترتیب با59/84 و 03/57 درصدکاهش وزن نسبت به شاهد حالت حد واسطی را نشان دادند.
واژه های کلیدی : پوسیدگی عمومی ریشه، گندم،Phoma ,Coniothyrium ,Periconia ,Bipolaris
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Effects of Some Environment Factors on Wild Lettuce (Lactuca serriola) Germination
Effects of Some Environment Factors on Wild Lettuce (Lactuca serriola) Germination
31439
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11801
FA
Mohammad Hasan
Rashed
E.
Kazerooni Monfared
0000-0001-9299-5233
M.T.
Alebrahim
Journal Article
2012
03
10
Abstract
Wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola) is an annual weed with seed reproduction. An experiment was conducted to evaluate some environmental effects on germination and emergence of this weed. The type of design was completely randomized with four replications in which factors were arranged as factorial. The experiment was carried out with 11 cm Petri dishes in a germinator (10 °C) and without light. Treatments were PH= 4 to 10, drought strought stress in Polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG) solutions (0 to -0.9) and salinity stress in 7 NaCl solutions (0 to 300 mM). Analysis of variances showed that the effect of PH was not significant on seed germination. But it was significant on mean germination time (MGT), hypocotyle and radicle length. In drought stress treatments, germination percent decreased from 0.55 MPa and was 0 percent in 0.9 MPa. Similar effects were observed about hypocotyle and radicle length. Effect of this treatment on MGT was significant and by increasing in drought stress, MGT increased at first and then decreased. In salinity stress germination was reduced linearly from 50 mM and reached to 0 percent in 200 mM. Reduction of radicle length by increasing NaCl solution followed a second grade function. In contrast hypocotyle length reduced as a linear function.
Keywords: pH, Drought and Salinity Stress, Mean Germination Time, Radicle, Hypocotyle
Abstract
Wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola) is an annual weed with seed reproduction. An experiment was conducted to evaluate some environmental effects on germination and emergence of this weed. The type of design was completely randomized with four replications in which factors were arranged as factorial. The experiment was carried out with 11 cm Petri dishes in a germinator (10 °C) and without light. Treatments were PH= 4 to 10, drought strought stress in Polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG) solutions (0 to -0.9) and salinity stress in 7 NaCl solutions (0 to 300 mM). Analysis of variances showed that the effect of PH was not significant on seed germination. But it was significant on mean germination time (MGT), hypocotyle and radicle length. In drought stress treatments, germination percent decreased from 0.55 MPa and was 0 percent in 0.9 MPa. Similar effects were observed about hypocotyle and radicle length. Effect of this treatment on MGT was significant and by increasing in drought stress, MGT increased at first and then decreased. In salinity stress germination was reduced linearly from 50 mM and reached to 0 percent in 200 mM. Reduction of radicle length by increasing NaCl solution followed a second grade function. In contrast hypocotyle length reduced as a linear function.
Keywords: pH, Drought and Salinity Stress, Mean Germination Time, Radicle, Hypocotyle
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Studies on the Effect of some Plant Extracts Mixed with Detergent Against Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Studies on the Effect of some Plant Extracts Mixed with Detergent Against Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
31467
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11804
FA
M
Manager
Journal Article
2012
03
10
Abstract
In recent decades the use of environmentally friendly biological and non-chemical materials for the control of plant pests has found good position. Due to this reason the effect of some plant extracts (kernel extract of Azadirachta indica with 1:12.5, fruit extract of Chinaberry, fruit extract of Iranian lilac and leaf extract of Chinaberry with 1:3 with water), cotton seed oil and neem oil at the rate of 3.4 and 2.7 Li/ha, respectively, and half a Kg/ha detergent, amitraz20% EC, 2Li/ha and control, were evaluated against Bemisia tabaci, in a R.B.D. with four replications. Observations on pest population were done 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after spraying. From each plot (central row) 10 leaves were selected randomly. Population of nymph was then counted in laboratory. The result showed that there were significant differences among treatments. In 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after spraying the best result (excluding amitraz) was obtained by riped fruit of Chinaberry with 74.62%, neem oil with 77.50 & 80.97%, cotton seed oil with 76.47 & 66.65% reduction of pest population, respectively. The second year results showed that in 3 and 5 days after spraying, the best result (81.93 & 82.47% reduction) was obtained by using amitraz, respectively. Next to amitraz, fruit extract of Chinaberry with 67.15 and 70.00% reduction, respectively was placed in second position. In 7 & 10 days after spraying excluding amitraz, cotton seed oil with 77.85 and 71.87% reduction was placed in first position and fruit extract of Chinberry with 76.27 and 70.80% reduction was placed in second position. In 15 days after spraying, amitraz with 71.27% achieved highest performance and fruit extract of Chinaberry with 69.97% reduction was placed in second position. The comparison of two year results showed that, in second year the percent reduction was somewhat lower than the first year, which may be due to effect of certain ecological factors.
Keywords: Amitraz, Cotton whitefly, Plant extracts, Detergent
Abstract
In recent decades the use of environmentally friendly biological and non-chemical materials for the control of plant pests has found good position. Due to this reason the effect of some plant extracts (kernel extract of Azadirachta indica with 1:12.5, fruit extract of Chinaberry, fruit extract of Iranian lilac and leaf extract of Chinaberry with 1:3 with water), cotton seed oil and neem oil at the rate of 3.4 and 2.7 Li/ha, respectively, and half a Kg/ha detergent, amitraz20% EC, 2Li/ha and control, were evaluated against Bemisia tabaci, in a R.B.D. with four replications. Observations on pest population were done 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after spraying. From each plot (central row) 10 leaves were selected randomly. Population of nymph was then counted in laboratory. The result showed that there were significant differences among treatments. In 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after spraying the best result (excluding amitraz) was obtained by riped fruit of Chinaberry with 74.62%, neem oil with 77.50 & 80.97%, cotton seed oil with 76.47 & 66.65% reduction of pest population, respectively. The second year results showed that in 3 and 5 days after spraying, the best result (81.93 & 82.47% reduction) was obtained by using amitraz, respectively. Next to amitraz, fruit extract of Chinaberry with 67.15 and 70.00% reduction, respectively was placed in second position. In 7 & 10 days after spraying excluding amitraz, cotton seed oil with 77.85 and 71.87% reduction was placed in first position and fruit extract of Chinberry with 76.27 and 70.80% reduction was placed in second position. In 15 days after spraying, amitraz with 71.27% achieved highest performance and fruit extract of Chinaberry with 69.97% reduction was placed in second position. The comparison of two year results showed that, in second year the percent reduction was somewhat lower than the first year, which may be due to effect of certain ecological factors.
Keywords: Amitraz, Cotton whitefly, Plant extracts, Detergent
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Evaluating of Some Preemergence Herbicides for Lambsquarter and Redroot Pigweed Control in Potato Fields
Evaluating of Some Preemergence Herbicides for Lambsquarter and Redroot Pigweed Control in Potato Fields
31497
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11805
FA
M.T.
Al-e-Ebrahim
M. H.
Rashed-Mohassel
S.
Wilcokson
M. A.
Baghestani
Plant Pest and Disease Research Institute
R.
Ghorbani
Journal Article
2012
03
10
چکیده
بهمنظور بررسی کارایی چهار علفکش اتال فلورالین، تریفلورالین، پندیمتالین و متریبوزین در مزارع سیبزمینی و روی علفهای هرز سلمه و تاجخروس آزمایشی گلخانه ای در سال 1387 در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام شد. آزمایشها بهصورت پاسخ به دز در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار و با استفاده از رقم آگریا انجام شد. کلیه علفکشها در 6 دز بهصورت دزهای کاهش یافته تا دزهای افزایشی نسبت به دز توصیه شده استفاده شدند. کلیه علفکشها بهصورت پیش رویشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اتال فلورالین، متریبوزین، پندیمتالین و تریفلورالین بترتیب کاراترین علفکشها در کنترل سلمه و تاجخروس بودند. اما از لحاظ درجه بندی از نظر کمترین خسارت به سیبزمینی، متریبوزین، تریفلورالین، پندیمتالین و اتال فلورالین به ترتیب بهترین علفکشها بودند.
واژه های کلیدی: اتال فلورالین، تریفلورالین، پندیمتالین، متریبوزین
چکیده
بهمنظور بررسی کارایی چهار علفکش اتال فلورالین، تریفلورالین، پندیمتالین و متریبوزین در مزارع سیبزمینی و روی علفهای هرز سلمه و تاجخروس آزمایشی گلخانه ای در سال 1387 در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام شد. آزمایشها بهصورت پاسخ به دز در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار و با استفاده از رقم آگریا انجام شد. کلیه علفکشها در 6 دز بهصورت دزهای کاهش یافته تا دزهای افزایشی نسبت به دز توصیه شده استفاده شدند. کلیه علفکشها بهصورت پیش رویشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اتال فلورالین، متریبوزین، پندیمتالین و تریفلورالین بترتیب کاراترین علفکشها در کنترل سلمه و تاجخروس بودند. اما از لحاظ درجه بندی از نظر کمترین خسارت به سیبزمینی، متریبوزین، تریفلورالین، پندیمتالین و اتال فلورالین به ترتیب بهترین علفکشها بودند.
واژه های کلیدی: اتال فلورالین، تریفلورالین، پندیمتالین، متریبوزین
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Evaluation of the Effect of Chemical and Non-chemical Weed Management Methods Toward reducing Herbicide Application Rate in Sugar Beet
Evaluation of the Effect of Chemical and Non-chemical Weed Management Methods Toward reducing Herbicide Application Rate in Sugar Beet
31520
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11809
FA
M.
Zargar
H.
Najafi
E.
Zand
F.
Mighani
Journal Article
2012
03
10
Abstract
A Field experiment was conducted at Iranian Plant Protection Research farm in Karaj during 2009 to evaluate the effects of diffrent planting patterns, times of mechanical control and herbicides application on weeds density and biomass in sugar beet farms. The experimental design was split–split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Planting pattern considered as main–plot in three levels including single row planting with 50 cm row width, single row planting with 60 cm row width and twin row planting with 60 cm row width, time of mechanical control in three levels as sub–plot including mechanical weed control at 4–6 leaves stage, 10–12 leaves stage and 14–16 leaves stage (of sugar beet), and herbicides as sub–sub plot in two levels including metamitron plus combination of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesat and triflusulfuron–metil plus combination of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesat.Results of this study showed that times of mechanical weed control and herbicide had significant effect on density and biomass of weeds. In most cases, planting pattern had appropiriate effect on weeds biomass reducthion that best results were achived in twin row planting 60 cm. Furthermore, Best results were achived in mechanical weed control at 4-6 leaves stage of sugar beet that had the most reduction on weeds density and biomass. metamitron plus ( phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesat) had also the best effect on weeds density and biomass. Taken together, sugar beet components were not affected by treatments as appropiriate as weeds control.
Key word: Planting Pattern, Herbicide, Mechanical control, Weed, Sugar beet
Abstract
A Field experiment was conducted at Iranian Plant Protection Research farm in Karaj during 2009 to evaluate the effects of diffrent planting patterns, times of mechanical control and herbicides application on weeds density and biomass in sugar beet farms. The experimental design was split–split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Planting pattern considered as main–plot in three levels including single row planting with 50 cm row width, single row planting with 60 cm row width and twin row planting with 60 cm row width, time of mechanical control in three levels as sub–plot including mechanical weed control at 4–6 leaves stage, 10–12 leaves stage and 14–16 leaves stage (of sugar beet), and herbicides as sub–sub plot in two levels including metamitron plus combination of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesat and triflusulfuron–metil plus combination of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesat.Results of this study showed that times of mechanical weed control and herbicide had significant effect on density and biomass of weeds. In most cases, planting pattern had appropiriate effect on weeds biomass reducthion that best results were achived in twin row planting 60 cm. Furthermore, Best results were achived in mechanical weed control at 4-6 leaves stage of sugar beet that had the most reduction on weeds density and biomass. metamitron plus ( phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesat) had also the best effect on weeds density and biomass. Taken together, sugar beet components were not affected by treatments as appropiriate as weeds control.
Key word: Planting Pattern, Herbicide, Mechanical control, Weed, Sugar beet
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
The Effect of Sowing Date and Weed Interference on Growth Indices of Different Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars
The Effect of Sowing Date and Weed Interference on Growth Indices of Different Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars
31542
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11853
FA
Malihe
Ghanbari Motlaq
M.
Rastgoo
M.
Pouryousef
J.
Saba
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of sowing date and weed interference on growth indices of red bean cultivars with different growth habit, a field experiment was carried out during the spring 2009 at University of Zanjan as a factorial split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design, with three replications. Main plots included factorial of three red bean cultivars (Derakhshan (standing cultivar), Sayyad (half-standing cultivar), and Goli (prostrate cultivar)) and sowing date at two levels, (30th of May and 13th of June) and subplots included weed interference (complete weed control and without control). According to the results, the earlier sowing date respect to later sowing date, increased total dry matter and crop growth rate about 1.3 and 1.2 folds, respectively, because of its longer growth duration. The effect of sowing date and weed interference on the leaf area index of cultivars was significant. Weed interference significantly decreased leaf area index (about 40%), total dry matter (about 60%) and crop growth rate (about 48%) of red bean cultivars in both sowing dates. Goli cultivar had the highest (1222 Kg.ha-1) and Sayyad cultivar had the lowest (928 Kg.ha-1) grain yield, respectively. It was concluded that the Goli cultivar respect to other cultivars had good performance in both sowing dates and weed interference and the best candidate for cultivation in Zanjan conditions.
Keywords: Crop growth rate, Leaf area index, Cumulative dry matter, Common bean, Weed control
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of sowing date and weed interference on growth indices of red bean cultivars with different growth habit, a field experiment was carried out during the spring 2009 at University of Zanjan as a factorial split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design, with three replications. Main plots included factorial of three red bean cultivars (Derakhshan (standing cultivar), Sayyad (half-standing cultivar), and Goli (prostrate cultivar)) and sowing date at two levels, (30th of May and 13th of June) and subplots included weed interference (complete weed control and without control). According to the results, the earlier sowing date respect to later sowing date, increased total dry matter and crop growth rate about 1.3 and 1.2 folds, respectively, because of its longer growth duration. The effect of sowing date and weed interference on the leaf area index of cultivars was significant. Weed interference significantly decreased leaf area index (about 40%), total dry matter (about 60%) and crop growth rate (about 48%) of red bean cultivars in both sowing dates. Goli cultivar had the highest (1222 Kg.ha-1) and Sayyad cultivar had the lowest (928 Kg.ha-1) grain yield, respectively. It was concluded that the Goli cultivar respect to other cultivars had good performance in both sowing dates and weed interference and the best candidate for cultivation in Zanjan conditions.
Keywords: Crop growth rate, Leaf area index, Cumulative dry matter, Common bean, Weed control
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
The Control,s Effect Combination of Microwave Radiation and Cold Storage on Adults Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tribolium castaneum
The Control,s Effect Combination of Microwave Radiation and Cold Storage on Adults Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tribolium castaneum
31570
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11859
FA
S.
Ghasemzadeh
A. A.
Pourmirza
Mohammad Hasan
Safaralizadeh
Sh.
Ashouri
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
During these protracted years, mankind’s main foods consist of grains-specially wheat, oats and rice. Granary production and its storage have been one of the main concerns of a human being for a long time. Microwave radiation as a safe insect control agent could secure high mortality rate of insect population by increasing the temperature of insects’ body and its niche. Low temperature affects insects via lowing their growth, feeding and fecundity or lowering their length of life. Tribolium castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis which are two main stored-product insects were exposed to 2450 MHZ frequency at level power 100 W for 10 min continuously and intermittently. ). After the treatment, the samples were transferred to a fridge with 6±1° C for 48 and 72 h. The results showed that saw-toothed grain beetle was more susceptible to microwave radiation and cold storage than red flour beetle. The results revealed that the penetration pattern of microwave radiation is non-linear and a quadratic equation with significant R-square value fits the data highly well. To evaluate the red flour beetle, behavior under microwave radiation, we set up an appropriate device to measure escape-distance preference. Results showed that the insects preferred short cut for escaping from microwave exposure.
Keywords: Stored product insects, Microwave radiation, Cold storage
Abstract
During these protracted years, mankind’s main foods consist of grains-specially wheat, oats and rice. Granary production and its storage have been one of the main concerns of a human being for a long time. Microwave radiation as a safe insect control agent could secure high mortality rate of insect population by increasing the temperature of insects’ body and its niche. Low temperature affects insects via lowing their growth, feeding and fecundity or lowering their length of life. Tribolium castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis which are two main stored-product insects were exposed to 2450 MHZ frequency at level power 100 W for 10 min continuously and intermittently. ). After the treatment, the samples were transferred to a fridge with 6±1° C for 48 and 72 h. The results showed that saw-toothed grain beetle was more susceptible to microwave radiation and cold storage than red flour beetle. The results revealed that the penetration pattern of microwave radiation is non-linear and a quadratic equation with significant R-square value fits the data highly well. To evaluate the red flour beetle, behavior under microwave radiation, we set up an appropriate device to measure escape-distance preference. Results showed that the insects preferred short cut for escaping from microwave exposure.
Keywords: Stored product insects, Microwave radiation, Cold storage
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Study of Seed Germination and Morphological Characteristics of a Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana L.) Seedlings Affected by Shoot Aqueous Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants
Study of Seed Germination and Morphological Characteristics of a Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana L.) Seedlings Affected by Shoot Aqueous Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants
31592
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11860
FA
S. M.K.
Tahami Zarandi
P.
Rezvani Moghaddam
0000-0002-3827-3878
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different aqueous shoot extracts of four medicinal plants consist of : basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.), summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and meliaceae (Melia azedarach L.) on seed germination and seedling characteristics of wild oat an experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad on 2010. A factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with four replications was used. The experimental treatments were 4 different medicinal plant aqueous extracts as factor A, and extract concentration in 4 levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 percentage) as factor B. Results showed that medicinal plants aqueous extracts in different concentration had significant effect on measured characters. The highest and the lowest percentage and rate of seed germination, length of radicle and hypocotyle, dry weight of radicle and hypocotyle were obtained in treatments of control and aqueous extracts of datura, respectively. Percentage of seed germination, length of radicle and dry weight of radicle and hypocotyle difference were not significant in aqueous extract of Summer Savory compare with control. All concentrations of aqueous extracts significantly diminish all measured characters compare to control (0% concentrations). The lowest percentage and rate of seed germination were obtained in 60% concentration of all studied plant water extracts.
Keywords: Allelopathy, Summer savory, Jimson weed, Basil, Meliaceae
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different aqueous shoot extracts of four medicinal plants consist of : basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.), summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and meliaceae (Melia azedarach L.) on seed germination and seedling characteristics of wild oat an experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad on 2010. A factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with four replications was used. The experimental treatments were 4 different medicinal plant aqueous extracts as factor A, and extract concentration in 4 levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 percentage) as factor B. Results showed that medicinal plants aqueous extracts in different concentration had significant effect on measured characters. The highest and the lowest percentage and rate of seed germination, length of radicle and hypocotyle, dry weight of radicle and hypocotyle were obtained in treatments of control and aqueous extracts of datura, respectively. Percentage of seed germination, length of radicle and dry weight of radicle and hypocotyle difference were not significant in aqueous extract of Summer Savory compare with control. All concentrations of aqueous extracts significantly diminish all measured characters compare to control (0% concentrations). The lowest percentage and rate of seed germination were obtained in 60% concentration of all studied plant water extracts.
Keywords: Allelopathy, Summer savory, Jimson weed, Basil, Meliaceae
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Nucleotide Sequencing and Symptomology of Two New Isolates of Watermelon mosaic virus from Razavi and Northern Khorasan Provinces
Nucleotide Sequencing and Symptomology of Two New Isolates of Watermelon mosaic virus from Razavi and Northern Khorasan Provinces
31630
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11861
FA
Z.
Moradi
0000-0002-8989-6450
B.
Jafarpour
Mohammad Ali
Sabokkhiz
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
During 2008-2009, 323 samples showing mosaic, yellowing, vein banding, leaf malformation and blistering were collected from different Cucurbitaceous plant fields and cucumber greenhouses in Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces. Through doing DAS-ELISA, 95 samples showed infection with WMV. WMV in samples testing positive by ELISA was confirmed by RT-PCR. RT-PCR assay with specific primers corresponding to the virus coat protein gene led to the amplification of the expected DNA fragment with a length of approximately 822 bp. PCR product from two isolates from Zucchini squash (Shirvan) and melon (Torghabe-Shandiz) were sequenced. The sequenced fragments after multiple alignments using ClustalW2 program compared with other GeneBank isolates. Phylogenetic tree was drawn using Neighbor-joining method of MEGA4.1 program. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Iranian isolates of WMV with 92-99 % nucleotide sequence identity and 96-100% amino acid identity with other isolates of WMV. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies of 2 isolates were found to be 99.1% and 99.6%, respectively. The two new isolates were not similar in symptoms on some indicator plants including Cucumis sativus, C. melo var. reticulates, Cucurbita pepo and Citrullus lanatus. These results showed that the two new isolates have high homology with isolates of WMV that previously reported from Iran.
Keywords: Watermelon mosaic virus, DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis
Abstract
During 2008-2009, 323 samples showing mosaic, yellowing, vein banding, leaf malformation and blistering were collected from different Cucurbitaceous plant fields and cucumber greenhouses in Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces. Through doing DAS-ELISA, 95 samples showed infection with WMV. WMV in samples testing positive by ELISA was confirmed by RT-PCR. RT-PCR assay with specific primers corresponding to the virus coat protein gene led to the amplification of the expected DNA fragment with a length of approximately 822 bp. PCR product from two isolates from Zucchini squash (Shirvan) and melon (Torghabe-Shandiz) were sequenced. The sequenced fragments after multiple alignments using ClustalW2 program compared with other GeneBank isolates. Phylogenetic tree was drawn using Neighbor-joining method of MEGA4.1 program. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Iranian isolates of WMV with 92-99 % nucleotide sequence identity and 96-100% amino acid identity with other isolates of WMV. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies of 2 isolates were found to be 99.1% and 99.6%, respectively. The two new isolates were not similar in symptoms on some indicator plants including Cucumis sativus, C. melo var. reticulates, Cucurbita pepo and Citrullus lanatus. These results showed that the two new isolates have high homology with isolates of WMV that previously reported from Iran.
Keywords: Watermelon mosaic virus, DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
The Effects of Combination of Salicylic Acid and Trichoderma harzianum BI on Resistance of Tomato Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
The Effects of Combination of Salicylic Acid and Trichoderma harzianum BI on Resistance of Tomato Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
31657
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11862
FA
F.
Naseri Nasab
College of Aboureyhan, University of Tehran
N.
Sahebani
H. R.
Etebarian
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
In this study the effect of combination of Trichoderma harzianum BI and salicylic acid were studied on root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) disease on tomato under green house conditions. The roots of tomato seedlings at six-leaf stage were inoculated with suspensions of Fungal antagonist (106 conidia/ ml), 5mM salicylic acid and 2000 second-stage juvenile (J2). Combined application of Salicylic acid and T. harzianum BI could decrease the severity of disease in greenhouse compared with nematode infected treatment as control. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and total phenolic accumulation determined on 1 to 8 days after inoculation. The Using combination of salicylic acid and biocontrol agent caused increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and total phenolic compound accumulation that reached to maximum level(0.6µg/ml and 0.84µg/g respectively) 4 days after nematode inoculation. In vitro assay showed that salicylic acid and biocontrol agent(separately) increased the death percent of second stage juvenile (J2). In addition T. harzianum BI decreased the percent of egg hatching by %84 in laboratory assay. The results indicated that using of combination of salicylic acid and T. harzianum BI was able to improve root-knot nematode (M. javanica) management on tomato in greenhouse conditions.
Keywords: T. harzianum BI, salicylic acid, Biological control, Meloidogyne javanica
Abstract
In this study the effect of combination of Trichoderma harzianum BI and salicylic acid were studied on root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) disease on tomato under green house conditions. The roots of tomato seedlings at six-leaf stage were inoculated with suspensions of Fungal antagonist (106 conidia/ ml), 5mM salicylic acid and 2000 second-stage juvenile (J2). Combined application of Salicylic acid and T. harzianum BI could decrease the severity of disease in greenhouse compared with nematode infected treatment as control. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and total phenolic accumulation determined on 1 to 8 days after inoculation. The Using combination of salicylic acid and biocontrol agent caused increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and total phenolic compound accumulation that reached to maximum level(0.6µg/ml and 0.84µg/g respectively) 4 days after nematode inoculation. In vitro assay showed that salicylic acid and biocontrol agent(separately) increased the death percent of second stage juvenile (J2). In addition T. harzianum BI decreased the percent of egg hatching by %84 in laboratory assay. The results indicated that using of combination of salicylic acid and T. harzianum BI was able to improve root-knot nematode (M. javanica) management on tomato in greenhouse conditions.
Keywords: T. harzianum BI, salicylic acid, Biological control, Meloidogyne javanica
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
Cloning of luxAB Reporter Gene into Iranian Plant Pathogen Bacterial Isolates Pseudomonas syringae and Ralostonia solanacerum
Cloning of luxAB Reporter Gene into Iranian Plant Pathogen Bacterial Isolates Pseudomonas syringae and Ralostonia solanacerum
31702
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11864
FA
S.
Mostofi
M.
Mashreghi
M.
Bahreini
F.
Oroojalian
P.
Pordeli
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
The ability to monitor particular microorganism in an environment is a difficult task. Many genes permit the differentiation of strains by conferring production of unique phenotypes such as bioluminescence [marine bacterial luciferase (luxAB)]. Therefore, lux-AB gene was cloned into two endemic plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Ralostonia solanacearum by electrotransformation. lux-marking of above strains was carried out using miniTn-5 luxAB transposon. Purified strains were transformed with plasmid pUT containing luxAB gene by electroporator. Electroporation was performed in voltage 2/5 KV for 5 milisecend. All luxAB marked strains could grow on KB agar medium containing 12.5 µg/ml tetracycline and their luminescence intensity was measured by luminometer. lux-marked P. syringae and R. solanacearum were stable genetically engineered strains making them quite appropriate.
Keywords: Pseudomonas syringae, Ralostonia solanacerum, luxAB gene, strain monitoring
Abstract
The ability to monitor particular microorganism in an environment is a difficult task. Many genes permit the differentiation of strains by conferring production of unique phenotypes such as bioluminescence [marine bacterial luciferase (luxAB)]. Therefore, lux-AB gene was cloned into two endemic plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Ralostonia solanacearum by electrotransformation. lux-marking of above strains was carried out using miniTn-5 luxAB transposon. Purified strains were transformed with plasmid pUT containing luxAB gene by electroporator. Electroporation was performed in voltage 2/5 KV for 5 milisecend. All luxAB marked strains could grow on KB agar medium containing 12.5 µg/ml tetracycline and their luminescence intensity was measured by luminometer. lux-marked P. syringae and R. solanacearum were stable genetically engineered strains making them quite appropriate.
Keywords: Pseudomonas syringae, Ralostonia solanacerum, luxAB gene, strain monitoring
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
The Effects of Two Control Methods of Cut and Shade on Aquatic Weeds rowth of Coontail and Watermilfoil under Laboratory Condition
The Effects of Two Control Methods of Cut and Shade on Aquatic Weeds rowth of Coontail and Watermilfoil under Laboratory Condition
31728
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11869
FA
Tohidifarid
H.
Y.
Filizadeh
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) are current submersed weeds in many fresh waters of Iran. The excessive growth of these plants causes the reduction in utilization of water resources and making some ecological and economical damages in these areas. The aim of this study was to determine the response of two submerged aquatic weeds of Coontail and Watermilfoil to light reduction, cutting (without, once and twice) and their incorporation under laboratory (aquarium) condition. The experiment was conducted in factorial design, with three replications. The experimental traits included the length and dry weight of plants. The experimental results showed that, cutting and shading caused a significant effect (P≤0.01) on length and dry weight of test plants. Also, twice cutting compared with once, due to more reduction in plants carbohydrate storage resulted in better control of both species.
Keywords: Dry weight, Length, Light and Nutrients
Abstract
Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) are current submersed weeds in many fresh waters of Iran. The excessive growth of these plants causes the reduction in utilization of water resources and making some ecological and economical damages in these areas. The aim of this study was to determine the response of two submerged aquatic weeds of Coontail and Watermilfoil to light reduction, cutting (without, once and twice) and their incorporation under laboratory (aquarium) condition. The experiment was conducted in factorial design, with three replications. The experimental traits included the length and dry weight of plants. The experimental results showed that, cutting and shading caused a significant effect (P≤0.01) on length and dry weight of test plants. Also, twice cutting compared with once, due to more reduction in plants carbohydrate storage resulted in better control of both species.
Keywords: Dry weight, Length, Light and Nutrients
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
The First Report of Anthidium diadema (Latreille, 1809) (Hym.: Megachilidae) From Iran
The First Report of Anthidium diadema (Latreille, 1809) (Hym.: Megachilidae) From Iran
31747
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11871
FA
Morteza
Manager
H.
Sadeghi Namghi
0000-0002-8329-2699
M.
Husseini
Journal Article
2012
03
12
Abstract
Comparing with the numerous studies carried out in other countries, information on Apoidea superfamily in Iran is scare. During a faunistic survey of pollinator bees associated with alfalfa fields in Mashhad and Chenaran regions in 2010, numerous specimens of Apoidea superfamily were collected and identified. Among the identified species, Anthidium diadema (Latreille, 1809) is record for the first time from Iran. All identifications confirmed by Dr.C.D.Michener in the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas U.S.A.
Keywords: Insect pollinators, New record, Iran
Abstract
Comparing with the numerous studies carried out in other countries, information on Apoidea superfamily in Iran is scare. During a faunistic survey of pollinator bees associated with alfalfa fields in Mashhad and Chenaran regions in 2010, numerous specimens of Apoidea superfamily were collected and identified. Among the identified species, Anthidium diadema (Latreille, 1809) is record for the first time from Iran. All identifications confirmed by Dr.C.D.Michener in the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas U.S.A.
Keywords: Insect pollinators, New record, Iran
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
25
4
2012
02
20
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
31759
10.22067/jpp.v25i4.11873
FA
Journal Article
2012
03
12
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT