Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
بررسی آلودگی و تعیین پراکنش ویروس موزاییک چغندرقند (BtMV) در مزارع استان خراسان رضوی
بررسی آلودگی و تعیین پراکنش ویروس موزاییک چغندرقند (BtMV) در مزارع استان خراسان رضوی
28170
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4115
FA
Nahid
Gerayeli
B.
Jafarpour
M.
Falahati Rastegar
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Atieh
Zabihnia Moghadam
Journal Article
2010
11
28
چکیده
به منظور شناسایی ویروس موزاییک چغندرقند در استان خراسان رضوی در تابستان 1386 نمونه برداری از بوته های دارای علایم موزاییک، لکههای نکروتیک و پیچیدگی برگهای میانی از مزارع چغندرقند صورت گرفت و همچنین جهت تعیین پراکنش این ویروس در سطح استان نمونه برداری تصادفی انجام شد. نمونه های آلوده به ویروس با استفاده از آزمون DAS-ELISA مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و مشخص گردید. جهت استخراج RNA ی ویروس از برگهای آلوده از روش رسوب با PEG6000 استفاده شد. سپس با استفاده از آغازگر اختصاصی cDNA مربوطه ساخته و برای انجام RT-PCR مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. باند محصول واکنش RT-PCR به اندازه -bp658 بر روی ژل آگارز 1 درصد مشاهده شد. وجود این ناحیه تکثیر شده در نمونه های آزمایشی، آلودگی به ویروس مذکور را در مناطق مورد بررسی تأیید می کند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که متوسط میزان پراکنش BtMV در استان خراسان رضوی، از 530 نمونه جمع آوری شده در این سال، 9/14 درصد می باشد. آلودگی در همه شهرستان های مورد مطالعه به نسبت های مختلف وجود داشت و بیشترین میزان آلودگی مربوط به شهرستان فریمان بوده است.
واژه های کلیدی: ویروس موازییک چغندرقند، DAS- ELISA، RT-PCR
چکیده
به منظور شناسایی ویروس موزاییک چغندرقند در استان خراسان رضوی در تابستان 1386 نمونه برداری از بوته های دارای علایم موزاییک، لکههای نکروتیک و پیچیدگی برگهای میانی از مزارع چغندرقند صورت گرفت و همچنین جهت تعیین پراکنش این ویروس در سطح استان نمونه برداری تصادفی انجام شد. نمونه های آلوده به ویروس با استفاده از آزمون DAS-ELISA مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و مشخص گردید. جهت استخراج RNA ی ویروس از برگهای آلوده از روش رسوب با PEG6000 استفاده شد. سپس با استفاده از آغازگر اختصاصی cDNA مربوطه ساخته و برای انجام RT-PCR مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. باند محصول واکنش RT-PCR به اندازه -bp658 بر روی ژل آگارز 1 درصد مشاهده شد. وجود این ناحیه تکثیر شده در نمونه های آزمایشی، آلودگی به ویروس مذکور را در مناطق مورد بررسی تأیید می کند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که متوسط میزان پراکنش BtMV در استان خراسان رضوی، از 530 نمونه جمع آوری شده در این سال، 9/14 درصد می باشد. آلودگی در همه شهرستان های مورد مطالعه به نسبت های مختلف وجود داشت و بیشترین میزان آلودگی مربوط به شهرستان فریمان بوده است.
واژه های کلیدی: ویروس موازییک چغندرقند، DAS- ELISA، RT-PCR
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
اثر تراکم و زمان نسبی سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره (Chenopodium album L.) بر اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه ای (Zea mays L.)
اثر تراکم و زمان نسبی سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره (Chenopodium album L.) بر اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه ای (Zea mays L.)
28224
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4118
FA
Vahid
Sarabi
Mahdi
Nasiri Mahalati
Ahmad
Nezami
Mohammad Hasan
Rashed
Journal Article
2010
11
28
چکیده
سلمه تره یکی از مهمترین علف های هرز مزارع ذرت است. به منظور ارزیابی کمی رقابت ذرت با علف هرز سلمه تره آزمایشی در سال 1385 تحت شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد در مزرعة دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. در این آزمایش تأثیر زمان نسبی سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت دانه ای رقم سینگ کراس 704 در سطوح مختلف تراکم این علف هرز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. زمان سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره با 3 سطح: سبز شدن سلمه تره به ترتیب 14 روز زودتر، 7 روز زودتر و همزمان با ذرت به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تراکم این علف هرز با 6 سطح به ترتیب صفر، 4، 8، 12، 16 و 20 بوته در مترمربع به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. تجزیه داده های آزمایش نشان داد که سبز شدن زود هنگام علف هرز سلمه-تره نسبت به ذرت در تراکم های بالا کاهش معنی داری در تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال و وزن هزار دانه بوجود می آورد. بیشترین کاهش در سبز شدن 14 روز زودتر سلمه تره نسبت به ذرت و تراکم های بالای این علف هرز (12، 16 و 20 بوته در مترمربع) مشاهده شد، بطوری که تحت این شرایط بوته های ذرت به طور کامل در سایه انداز بوته های سلمه تره قرار گرفتند و بلالی تولید نشد. کمترین کاهش در اجزای عملکرد نیز مربوط به زمان سبز شدن همزمان ذرت با سلمه تره در تراکم پایین این علف هرز (4 بوته در مترمربع) بود. بطور کلی بر اساس یافته های این تحقیق با افزایش تعداد روزهای سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره نسبت به ذرت توان رقابتی ذرت کاهش یافته و افت شدیدی در اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه ای مشاهده شد.
واژه های کلیدی: تراکم، ذرت، رقابت، زمان نسبی سبز شدن و سلمه تره
چکیده
سلمه تره یکی از مهمترین علف های هرز مزارع ذرت است. به منظور ارزیابی کمی رقابت ذرت با علف هرز سلمه تره آزمایشی در سال 1385 تحت شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد در مزرعة دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. در این آزمایش تأثیر زمان نسبی سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت دانه ای رقم سینگ کراس 704 در سطوح مختلف تراکم این علف هرز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. زمان سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره با 3 سطح: سبز شدن سلمه تره به ترتیب 14 روز زودتر، 7 روز زودتر و همزمان با ذرت به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تراکم این علف هرز با 6 سطح به ترتیب صفر، 4، 8، 12، 16 و 20 بوته در مترمربع به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. تجزیه داده های آزمایش نشان داد که سبز شدن زود هنگام علف هرز سلمه-تره نسبت به ذرت در تراکم های بالا کاهش معنی داری در تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال و وزن هزار دانه بوجود می آورد. بیشترین کاهش در سبز شدن 14 روز زودتر سلمه تره نسبت به ذرت و تراکم های بالای این علف هرز (12، 16 و 20 بوته در مترمربع) مشاهده شد، بطوری که تحت این شرایط بوته های ذرت به طور کامل در سایه انداز بوته های سلمه تره قرار گرفتند و بلالی تولید نشد. کمترین کاهش در اجزای عملکرد نیز مربوط به زمان سبز شدن همزمان ذرت با سلمه تره در تراکم پایین این علف هرز (4 بوته در مترمربع) بود. بطور کلی بر اساس یافته های این تحقیق با افزایش تعداد روزهای سبز شدن علف هرز سلمه تره نسبت به ذرت توان رقابتی ذرت کاهش یافته و افت شدیدی در اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه ای مشاهده شد.
واژه های کلیدی: تراکم، ذرت، رقابت، زمان نسبی سبز شدن و سلمه تره
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Study of Onion Seed Borne Fusarium in Razavi and Northern Khorasan
Study of Onion Seed Borne Fusarium in Razavi and Northern Khorasan
28272
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4123
FA
Elahe
Rabiei Motlagh
M.
Falahati Rastegar
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Hamid
Rouhani
Ferdouwsi university of mashhad
B.
Jafarpour
Vahid
Jahanbakhsh
Ferdowsi
Journal Article
2010
11
28
چکیده
گونه های فوزاریوم یکی از بیمارگرهای مهم پیاز در ایران بوده که بعضا بذرزاد می باشند. بدین منظور بذور تولیدی در چهار شهرستان از استان-های خراسان رضوی و شمالی جمع آوری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش اول بذور بدون ضدعفونی سطحی و ضد عفونی شده با هیپوکلریت سدیم 1درصد در محیط PDA کشت گردیدند. در آزمایشی دیگر بذور ضدعفونی شده به مدت 3 دقیقه در خاک اتوکلاو شده و تحت شرایط گلخانه کاشته شدند و در آزمایش سوم مبادرت به تشخیص ملکولی آلودگی بذور گردید. از بذور کشت در محیط PDAو گیاهچه ها در گلخانه، دو گونه ی Fusarium Proliferatumو F.oxysporum جدا و شناسایی شدند. فراوانی گونه ی F. Proliferatum در بین قارچ های حاصله از کشت بذور در محیط PDA و در بین قارچ های جدا شده از گیاهچه ها به ترتیب 15-0 و 7/6-0 درصد بود. این فراوانی در مورد گونه ی F. oxysporum 48-0 و 10-0 درصد تعیین گردید. به منظور تشخیص ملکولی آلودگی بذور به گونه F .proliferatum، پس از استخراج DNA از بذور و انجام پی. سی. آر با آغازگر اختصاصی، با استفاده از نرم افزار labwork 3/0/2 مبادرت به مقایسه وزن ملکولی باندهای مربوطه رویژل گردید و تفاوت واضحی بین وزن ملکولی باندهای مربوط به بذور مناطق مختلف مشاهده شد. مقایسه نتایج حاصل از کشت بذور در محیط PDA و بررسی های ملکولی نشان داد که همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری بین آن ها از نظر میزان آلودگی بذور به F .proliferatum وجود دارد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق دو گونه ی F .proliferatum و F. oxysporum را می توان به عنوان دو بیمارگر بذرزاد در پیاز معرفی نمود.
واژه های کلیدی : پیاز، بذرزاد، فوزاریوم، خراسان، شناسایی ملکولی
چکیده
گونه های فوزاریوم یکی از بیمارگرهای مهم پیاز در ایران بوده که بعضا بذرزاد می باشند. بدین منظور بذور تولیدی در چهار شهرستان از استان-های خراسان رضوی و شمالی جمع آوری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش اول بذور بدون ضدعفونی سطحی و ضد عفونی شده با هیپوکلریت سدیم 1درصد در محیط PDA کشت گردیدند. در آزمایشی دیگر بذور ضدعفونی شده به مدت 3 دقیقه در خاک اتوکلاو شده و تحت شرایط گلخانه کاشته شدند و در آزمایش سوم مبادرت به تشخیص ملکولی آلودگی بذور گردید. از بذور کشت در محیط PDAو گیاهچه ها در گلخانه، دو گونه ی Fusarium Proliferatumو F.oxysporum جدا و شناسایی شدند. فراوانی گونه ی F. Proliferatum در بین قارچ های حاصله از کشت بذور در محیط PDA و در بین قارچ های جدا شده از گیاهچه ها به ترتیب 15-0 و 7/6-0 درصد بود. این فراوانی در مورد گونه ی F. oxysporum 48-0 و 10-0 درصد تعیین گردید. به منظور تشخیص ملکولی آلودگی بذور به گونه F .proliferatum، پس از استخراج DNA از بذور و انجام پی. سی. آر با آغازگر اختصاصی، با استفاده از نرم افزار labwork 3/0/2 مبادرت به مقایسه وزن ملکولی باندهای مربوطه رویژل گردید و تفاوت واضحی بین وزن ملکولی باندهای مربوط به بذور مناطق مختلف مشاهده شد. مقایسه نتایج حاصل از کشت بذور در محیط PDA و بررسی های ملکولی نشان داد که همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری بین آن ها از نظر میزان آلودگی بذور به F .proliferatum وجود دارد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق دو گونه ی F .proliferatum و F. oxysporum را می توان به عنوان دو بیمارگر بذرزاد در پیاز معرفی نمود.
واژه های کلیدی : پیاز، بذرزاد، فوزاریوم، خراسان، شناسایی ملکولی
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Species Diversity of Acari and Population dy Namics of the Dominant Injurious Species on Eight Varieties of Pistachio in Mahvelat Region, Razavi Khorasan Province
Species Diversity of Acari and Population dy Namics of the Dominant Injurious Species on Eight Varieties of Pistachio in Mahvelat Region, Razavi Khorasan Province
28312
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4126
FA
Mojtaba
Boutimar
H
Sadeghi Namghi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
0000-0002-8329-2699
Journal Article
2010
11
28
Abstract
During 2007 and 2008, a survey on species diversity of Acari associated with pistachio trees and seasonal dynamics of the dominant injurious species was conducted in Mahvelat region for the first time. 8 varieties of pistachio including Akbari, Owhadi, Badami, Barg siah, Ghermez, Kalah ghochi, Germeh and Momtaz, commonly grown in the region were compared in terms of infestation to the two predominant species of injurious mites. As a result, 9 species of mites belonging to 9 genera, 7 families and 3 orders were identified, 4 of which were phytophagous. Of collected species, the eriophyid species, Shevtchenkella recki (Bagd.) and two species namely Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan and Tyrophagus brevicrinatus Robertson were new for Iranian and the province fauna respectively. Among the phytophagous mites, Sh.recki and T. granati were the dominant species. ANOVA showed a significant difference between varieties of pistachio in terms of infestation to the dominant phytophagous mites. The highest and least level of pistachio infestation to phytophagous mites was observed on Ghermez, Owhadi, Kallah ghochi and Germeh variety respectively. In this study, the highest population of the dominant phytophagous mites was observed on August and September. Among the different varieties of pistachio the least and highest density of Sh. recki was observed on Germeh and Kallah ghochi varieties respectively. The least and highest density of Tenuipalpus granati Sayed was observed on Germeh and Owhadi varieties respectively. On all sampling dates, the density of both mite species on lower surface was higher than upper surface of leaves.
Key words: Pistachio, Harmful and beneficial mites, Population density, Tenuipalpus granati, Shevtchenkella recki, Pistachio varieties
Abstract
During 2007 and 2008, a survey on species diversity of Acari associated with pistachio trees and seasonal dynamics of the dominant injurious species was conducted in Mahvelat region for the first time. 8 varieties of pistachio including Akbari, Owhadi, Badami, Barg siah, Ghermez, Kalah ghochi, Germeh and Momtaz, commonly grown in the region were compared in terms of infestation to the two predominant species of injurious mites. As a result, 9 species of mites belonging to 9 genera, 7 families and 3 orders were identified, 4 of which were phytophagous. Of collected species, the eriophyid species, Shevtchenkella recki (Bagd.) and two species namely Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan and Tyrophagus brevicrinatus Robertson were new for Iranian and the province fauna respectively. Among the phytophagous mites, Sh.recki and T. granati were the dominant species. ANOVA showed a significant difference between varieties of pistachio in terms of infestation to the dominant phytophagous mites. The highest and least level of pistachio infestation to phytophagous mites was observed on Ghermez, Owhadi, Kallah ghochi and Germeh variety respectively. In this study, the highest population of the dominant phytophagous mites was observed on August and September. Among the different varieties of pistachio the least and highest density of Sh. recki was observed on Germeh and Kallah ghochi varieties respectively. The least and highest density of Tenuipalpus granati Sayed was observed on Germeh and Owhadi varieties respectively. On all sampling dates, the density of both mite species on lower surface was higher than upper surface of leaves.
Key words: Pistachio, Harmful and beneficial mites, Population density, Tenuipalpus granati, Shevtchenkella recki, Pistachio varieties
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Species Diversity of Acari and Population dy Namics of the Dominant Injurious Species on Eight Varieties of Pistachio in Mahvelat Region, Razavi Khorasan Province
Species Diversity of Acari and Population dy Namics of the Dominant Injurious Species on Eight Varieties of Pistachio in Mahvelat Region, Razavi Khorasan Province
28355
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4131
FA
Mehdi
Mojab
Payame Noor University
Gholam Reza
Zamani
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
During 2007 and 2008, a survey on species diversity of Acari associated with pistachio trees and seasonal dynamics of the dominant injurious species was conducted in Mahvelat region for the first time. 8 varieties of pistachio including Akbari, Owhadi, Badami, Barg siah, Ghermez, Kalah ghochi, Germeh and Momtaz, commonly grown in the region were compared in terms of infestation to the two predominant species of injurious mites. As a result, 9 species of mites belonging to 9 genera, 7 families and 3 orders were identified, 4 of which were phytophagous. Of collected species, the eriophyid species, Shevtchenkella recki (Bagd.) and two species namely Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan and Tyrophagus brevicrinatus Robertson were new for Iranian and the province fauna respectively. Among the phytophagous mites, Sh.recki and T. granati were the dominant species. ANOVA showed a significant difference between varieties of pistachio in terms of infestation to the dominant phytophagous mites. The highest and least level of pistachio infestation to phytophagous mites was observed on Ghermez, Owhadi, Kallah ghochi and Germeh variety respectively. In this study, the highest population of the dominant phytophagous mites was observed on August and September. Among the different varieties of pistachio the least and highest density of Sh. recki was observed on Germeh and Kallah ghochi varieties respectively. The least and highest density of Tenuipalpus granati Sayed was observed on Germeh and Owhadi varieties respectively. On all sampling dates, the density of both mite species on lower surface was higher than upper surface of leaves.
Key words: Pistachio, Harmful and beneficial mites, Population density, Tenuipalpus granati, Shevtchenkella recki, Pistachio varieties
Abstract
During 2007 and 2008, a survey on species diversity of Acari associated with pistachio trees and seasonal dynamics of the dominant injurious species was conducted in Mahvelat region for the first time. 8 varieties of pistachio including Akbari, Owhadi, Badami, Barg siah, Ghermez, Kalah ghochi, Germeh and Momtaz, commonly grown in the region were compared in terms of infestation to the two predominant species of injurious mites. As a result, 9 species of mites belonging to 9 genera, 7 families and 3 orders were identified, 4 of which were phytophagous. Of collected species, the eriophyid species, Shevtchenkella recki (Bagd.) and two species namely Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan and Tyrophagus brevicrinatus Robertson were new for Iranian and the province fauna respectively. Among the phytophagous mites, Sh.recki and T. granati were the dominant species. ANOVA showed a significant difference between varieties of pistachio in terms of infestation to the dominant phytophagous mites. The highest and least level of pistachio infestation to phytophagous mites was observed on Ghermez, Owhadi, Kallah ghochi and Germeh variety respectively. In this study, the highest population of the dominant phytophagous mites was observed on August and September. Among the different varieties of pistachio the least and highest density of Sh. recki was observed on Germeh and Kallah ghochi varieties respectively. The least and highest density of Tenuipalpus granati Sayed was observed on Germeh and Owhadi varieties respectively. On all sampling dates, the density of both mite species on lower surface was higher than upper surface of leaves.
Key words: Pistachio, Harmful and beneficial mites, Population density, Tenuipalpus granati, Shevtchenkella recki, Pistachio varieties
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Effect of Teflubenzuron, Hexaflumuron and Pyriproxyfen Compounds on Nutritional Indices of Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval (Col.: Tenebrionidae)
Effect of Teflubenzuron, Hexaflumuron and Pyriproxyfen Compounds on Nutritional Indices of Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval (Col.: Tenebrionidae)
28389
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4132
FA
Saeideh
Loni
Hossein
Farazmand
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
Confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval (Col.: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most important stored product pests of flour in Iran. In this research the effects of insect growth regulators (IGRs): teflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and pyriproxyfen were studied on larval and imago nutritional indices of confused flour beetle. The results showed that they were more effective on relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) in the low concentration of 65 and 250 ppm of pyriproxyfen and hexaflumuron, and concentration of 1000 ppm of teflubenzuron. The results showed that, RGR and RCR indices decreased and feeding detterent index (FDI) index increased the concentration of compounds. The lowest efficacy of conversion of ingested food (61.5% in imago and 49,5% in larvae) and the highest feeding deterrent index (92% in imago and larvae) were recorded for confused flour beetle larvae and imago treated with teflubenzuron (1000 ppm). So, the IGRs could be used as safe insecticides to control the confused flour beetle.
Key words: Insect growth regulator, Teflubenzuron, Hexaflumuron, Pyriproxyfen, Confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, RGR, RCR, ECI, FDI
Abstract
Confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval (Col.: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most important stored product pests of flour in Iran. In this research the effects of insect growth regulators (IGRs): teflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and pyriproxyfen were studied on larval and imago nutritional indices of confused flour beetle. The results showed that they were more effective on relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) in the low concentration of 65 and 250 ppm of pyriproxyfen and hexaflumuron, and concentration of 1000 ppm of teflubenzuron. The results showed that, RGR and RCR indices decreased and feeding detterent index (FDI) index increased the concentration of compounds. The lowest efficacy of conversion of ingested food (61.5% in imago and 49,5% in larvae) and the highest feeding deterrent index (92% in imago and larvae) were recorded for confused flour beetle larvae and imago treated with teflubenzuron (1000 ppm). So, the IGRs could be used as safe insecticides to control the confused flour beetle.
Key words: Insect growth regulator, Teflubenzuron, Hexaflumuron, Pyriproxyfen, Confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, RGR, RCR, ECI, FDI
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Repellent Activity and Fumigant Toxicity of 18 Essential Oil on Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep., Pyralidae)
Repellent Activity and Fumigant Toxicity of 18 Essential Oil on Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep., Pyralidae)
28434
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4133
FA
Zahra
Rafiei-karahroodi
Saeid
Moharramipour
Hossein
Farazmand
Javad
Karimzadeh
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae) is one of the most important stored-product insects that are controlled by fumigants. However, the use of plant essential oils and their constituents may have the advantage over conventional fumigants in terms of low mammalian toxicity and can be used as alternatives to conventional fumigants. Therefore, in this research, repellent activity of 18 plant essential oils was investigated on adults and last instar larvae of Indian meal moth. Also, fumigant toxicity of the essential oils was studied on the first instar larvae. Repellency of the essential oils on adults showed that Anethum graveolens and Rosmarinus officinalis at 2 µliter essential oil in 2 grams food had 100% activity. Hyossopus officinalis and Petroselinum sativum showed the lowest (14.8%) repellency. Consistent with adult repellency, both of R. officinalis and A. graveolens had high repellency on larvae. The fumigant toxicity results of the oils showed that all plants had LC50 values less than 26 µl/l air, indicating strong fumigant toxicity on first instar larvae. Dill was less toxic (LC50= 25.48 µl/l air); while Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Carum carvi, Achillea millefolium and Melissa officinalis were the most toxic with LC50 values of 2.12, 5.06, 5.20 and 5.57 µl/l air, respectively. Consequently, most of these plant essential oils specially Rosemary and Dill may have high potential for using in integrated control of Indian meal moth in storage, in terms of repellency.
Key words: Essential oils, Indian meal moth, Repellency, Fumigant toxicity, Stored product pests
Abstract
Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae) is one of the most important stored-product insects that are controlled by fumigants. However, the use of plant essential oils and their constituents may have the advantage over conventional fumigants in terms of low mammalian toxicity and can be used as alternatives to conventional fumigants. Therefore, in this research, repellent activity of 18 plant essential oils was investigated on adults and last instar larvae of Indian meal moth. Also, fumigant toxicity of the essential oils was studied on the first instar larvae. Repellency of the essential oils on adults showed that Anethum graveolens and Rosmarinus officinalis at 2 µliter essential oil in 2 grams food had 100% activity. Hyossopus officinalis and Petroselinum sativum showed the lowest (14.8%) repellency. Consistent with adult repellency, both of R. officinalis and A. graveolens had high repellency on larvae. The fumigant toxicity results of the oils showed that all plants had LC50 values less than 26 µl/l air, indicating strong fumigant toxicity on first instar larvae. Dill was less toxic (LC50= 25.48 µl/l air); while Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Carum carvi, Achillea millefolium and Melissa officinalis were the most toxic with LC50 values of 2.12, 5.06, 5.20 and 5.57 µl/l air, respectively. Consequently, most of these plant essential oils specially Rosemary and Dill may have high potential for using in integrated control of Indian meal moth in storage, in terms of repellency.
Key words: Essential oils, Indian meal moth, Repellency, Fumigant toxicity, Stored product pests
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Effects of Some Alpha-Amylase Inhibitors on the Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity of the Stripped Bug, Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
Effects of Some Alpha-Amylase Inhibitors on the Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity of the Stripped Bug, Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
28471
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4134
FA
Mohsen
Yazdanian
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
0000-0001-7321-7997
Reza
Farshbaf Pour Abad
Mohammadreza
Rashidi
Mostafa
Valizadeh
Nadereh
Rashtchi Zadeh
Amirmansour
Vatankhah
Aliasghar
Hamidi
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
Digestive enzyme inhibitors are proteinacious or nonproteinacious compounds which reduce an enzyme activity through attaching to its active site and/or its substrate. Nowadays, plant enzyme inhibitors are of great importance because 1) these have considerable effects on insect digestive enzymes and as a result on their development; and 2) the transgenic plants expressing them are safe. In this study, the effects of NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetate disodium dehydrate (EDTA), Tris, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and an alpha-amylase inhibitor derived from wheat kernels (WAAI) on alpha-amylase activity of adults of the stripped bug Graphosoma lineatum (L.) during 60 minutes incubation was studied. Distilled water was considered as the control. The results showed that the effects of the inhibitor type on adult alpha-amylase activity was significant (P
Abstract
Digestive enzyme inhibitors are proteinacious or nonproteinacious compounds which reduce an enzyme activity through attaching to its active site and/or its substrate. Nowadays, plant enzyme inhibitors are of great importance because 1) these have considerable effects on insect digestive enzymes and as a result on their development; and 2) the transgenic plants expressing them are safe. In this study, the effects of NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetate disodium dehydrate (EDTA), Tris, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and an alpha-amylase inhibitor derived from wheat kernels (WAAI) on alpha-amylase activity of adults of the stripped bug Graphosoma lineatum (L.) during 60 minutes incubation was studied. Distilled water was considered as the control. The results showed that the effects of the inhibitor type on adult alpha-amylase activity was significant (P
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
The Effect of Experience and Age on Foraging Behavior of a Thelytokous Parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) on Aphis fabae Scopoli
The Effect of Experience and Age on Foraging Behavior of a Thelytokous Parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) on Aphis fabae Scopoli
28507
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4135
FA
Arash
Rasekh
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
A.
Kharazi Pakdel
H.
Allahyari
J.P.
Michaud
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
Parasitic insects face many decisions when foraging for host, some for example frequently have to make decisions with regard to staying in or leaving their current patch. In this study, we investigated how the foraging and oviposition behavior of Lysiphlebus fabarum is influenced by (1) a female’s previous experience of encountering aphids host and (2) age of female parasitoids. To test this, I released individual L. fabarum females onto bean leaf disks with 15 second-third instar of A. fabae in the laboratory and made continuous observations, and then females’ proportional time allocation to various activities and oviposition decisions were measured. Pre-trial exposure of females to aphids for a period of 24 h, as opposed to one h, showed females that experienced more host deprivation remained more than twice as long in arenas as those from a 24 h exposure to aphids. Furthermore, all measured distinct behavior was higher for less experience females. Because of the large effect of treatment on patch residence time, the incidence or duration of various behaviors was expressed as a fraction of patch residence time and then re-analyzed. Data showed no difference in the incidence and duration of all behaviors. In the second experiment, Five days old females remained more than three times as long in arenas as did one d-old females and scored higher values for the incidence and duration of almost all behaviors. However, when values were expressed as fractions of patch time there were no significant differences between young and old females, suggesting that age like experience, had no effect on proportional time allocation to various behaviors during patch exploitation.
Key words: Patch residence time, Behavior allocation, Aphid defense, Thelytoky
Abstract
Parasitic insects face many decisions when foraging for host, some for example frequently have to make decisions with regard to staying in or leaving their current patch. In this study, we investigated how the foraging and oviposition behavior of Lysiphlebus fabarum is influenced by (1) a female’s previous experience of encountering aphids host and (2) age of female parasitoids. To test this, I released individual L. fabarum females onto bean leaf disks with 15 second-third instar of A. fabae in the laboratory and made continuous observations, and then females’ proportional time allocation to various activities and oviposition decisions were measured. Pre-trial exposure of females to aphids for a period of 24 h, as opposed to one h, showed females that experienced more host deprivation remained more than twice as long in arenas as those from a 24 h exposure to aphids. Furthermore, all measured distinct behavior was higher for less experience females. Because of the large effect of treatment on patch residence time, the incidence or duration of various behaviors was expressed as a fraction of patch residence time and then re-analyzed. Data showed no difference in the incidence and duration of all behaviors. In the second experiment, Five days old females remained more than three times as long in arenas as did one d-old females and scored higher values for the incidence and duration of almost all behaviors. However, when values were expressed as fractions of patch time there were no significant differences between young and old females, suggesting that age like experience, had no effect on proportional time allocation to various behaviors during patch exploitation.
Key words: Patch residence time, Behavior allocation, Aphid defense, Thelytoky
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Laelapidae of Guilan Province, Four New Species Records for the Iranian Mite Fauna and the Identification key for Guilan laelapids
Laelapidae of Guilan Province, Four New Species Records for the Iranian Mite Fauna and the Identification key for Guilan laelapids
28546
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4137
FA
J.
Hajizadeh
Guilan University
Farid
Faraji
Mahyar
Rafatifard
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
The Laelapidae is a large family with worldwide distribution. Many Laelapids are ectoparasitic on small mammals or associated with arthropods, although some species are free living and predators especially in soil habitat; also they are common in stored products. During three years (2007-2009) of faunestic survey, samples were collected from different habitats such as soil, plant litters and stored products in Guilan Province. A total of 17 species from 5 genera and 2 subfamilies were collected and identified. Among the identified species, 4 species are new records for Iran and 10 species for Guilan province mite fauna. Moreover, the taxonomic characteristics of four new species for Iran mite fauna are mentioned. A key is also provided for Guilan Laelapid mite species. The list of identified species is as follows, new species for Iran mite fauna are marked by an asterisk.
Subfamily Laelapinae Berlese: A- Genus Androlaelaps Berlese [1- Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) B- Genus Hypoaspis Canestrini [2- Hypoaspis vacua (Michael) 3- H. lutegiensis* Shcherbak 4- H. karawaiewi (Berlese) 5- H. sclerotarsa Costa 6- H. lubrica Voigts & Oudemans 7- H. nolli Karg 8- H. queenslandica (Womersley) 9- H. angustiscutata* Willmann 10- H. aculeifer (Canestrini) 11- H. minor Costa 12- H. kargi Costa 13- H. astronomica* (Koch) 14- Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) austriaca* Sellnick C- Genus Stratiolaelaps Berlese [15- Stratiolaelaps miles (Berlese)].
Subfamily Haemogamasinae Oudemans: D- Genus Eulaelaps Berlese [16- Eulaelaps stabularis (Koch)] E- Genus Haemogamasus Berlese [17- Haemogamasus pontiger (Berlese).].
Key words: Laelapinae, Haemogamasinae, New species records
Abstract
The Laelapidae is a large family with worldwide distribution. Many Laelapids are ectoparasitic on small mammals or associated with arthropods, although some species are free living and predators especially in soil habitat; also they are common in stored products. During three years (2007-2009) of faunestic survey, samples were collected from different habitats such as soil, plant litters and stored products in Guilan Province. A total of 17 species from 5 genera and 2 subfamilies were collected and identified. Among the identified species, 4 species are new records for Iran and 10 species for Guilan province mite fauna. Moreover, the taxonomic characteristics of four new species for Iran mite fauna are mentioned. A key is also provided for Guilan Laelapid mite species. The list of identified species is as follows, new species for Iran mite fauna are marked by an asterisk.
Subfamily Laelapinae Berlese: A- Genus Androlaelaps Berlese [1- Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) B- Genus Hypoaspis Canestrini [2- Hypoaspis vacua (Michael) 3- H. lutegiensis* Shcherbak 4- H. karawaiewi (Berlese) 5- H. sclerotarsa Costa 6- H. lubrica Voigts & Oudemans 7- H. nolli Karg 8- H. queenslandica (Womersley) 9- H. angustiscutata* Willmann 10- H. aculeifer (Canestrini) 11- H. minor Costa 12- H. kargi Costa 13- H. astronomica* (Koch) 14- Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) austriaca* Sellnick C- Genus Stratiolaelaps Berlese [15- Stratiolaelaps miles (Berlese)].
Subfamily Haemogamasinae Oudemans: D- Genus Eulaelaps Berlese [16- Eulaelaps stabularis (Koch)] E- Genus Haemogamasus Berlese [17- Haemogamasus pontiger (Berlese).].
Key words: Laelapinae, Haemogamasinae, New species records
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Faunistic Survey of Injurious Mites Associated with Broad Leaf Trees in Green Spaces of Mashhad Region
Faunistic Survey of Injurious Mites Associated with Broad Leaf Trees in Green Spaces of Mashhad Region
28573
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4138
FA
Sara
Sheikholeslam Zadeh
H
Sadeghi Namghi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
0000-0002-8329-2699
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
During 2008-2009 species composition of injurious mites associated with common broad leaf trees and ornamental shrubs in green spaces of Mashhad region was surveyed. As result, 13 mite species belonging to 10 genera and 3 families, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae were collected and identified. In bellow list, the new records for Razavi Khorasan and Iran are indicated with one and two asterisks respectively.
1-Eriophyidae: Schevtchenkella ulmi* Farkas,1960 ; Aceria fraxinivora Nalepa, 1909; Aculops knowltoni** Keifer, 1964 ; 2-Tetranychidae: Schizotetranychus hindustanicus** Hirst,1924; Eutetranychus orientalis Klein,1936; Eutetranychus africanus** Tucker, 1926; Oligonychus yothersi** Mc Gregore,1914; Oligonychus mangiferus** Rahman & Sapra, 1940; Eotetranychus willametti Ewing; Panonychus ulmi Koch 1836; Tetranychus turkestani Ugrov & Nikolaskii, 1937; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836; 3-Tenuipalpidae: Cenopalpus pulcher Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876.
Keywords: Mite, Green space, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Eriophyidae, Iran
Abstract
During 2008-2009 species composition of injurious mites associated with common broad leaf trees and ornamental shrubs in green spaces of Mashhad region was surveyed. As result, 13 mite species belonging to 10 genera and 3 families, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae were collected and identified. In bellow list, the new records for Razavi Khorasan and Iran are indicated with one and two asterisks respectively.
1-Eriophyidae: Schevtchenkella ulmi* Farkas,1960 ; Aceria fraxinivora Nalepa, 1909; Aculops knowltoni** Keifer, 1964 ; 2-Tetranychidae: Schizotetranychus hindustanicus** Hirst,1924; Eutetranychus orientalis Klein,1936; Eutetranychus africanus** Tucker, 1926; Oligonychus yothersi** Mc Gregore,1914; Oligonychus mangiferus** Rahman & Sapra, 1940; Eotetranychus willametti Ewing; Panonychus ulmi Koch 1836; Tetranychus turkestani Ugrov & Nikolaskii, 1937; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836; 3-Tenuipalpidae: Cenopalpus pulcher Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876.
Keywords: Mite, Green space, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Eriophyidae, Iran
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Evaluation of Shot Hole Disease Incidence and Severity on Stone Fruit Trees in Razavi Khorasan Province
Evaluation of Shot Hole Disease Incidence and Severity on Stone Fruit Trees in Razavi Khorasan Province
28603
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4139
FA
A.
Yousefi
N.
Panjehkeh
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol
M.
Hagian Shahri
M.
Salari
M.
Falahati Rastegar
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Journal Article
2010
11
29
Abstract
Disease incidence and favorable condition on disease severity is evaluated. W. carpophilus isolated of infected orchards. For fungus overwintering method in buildup were carried out bud washing by centrifuge and spot culturing on nutrient mediums. Evaluation of shot hole in different areas showed that cultivars response to this disease is fixed inside of a climate but it is differ in different areas to each other. Fungus germination optimum was indicated 95% at 15˚C and its minimum 0.5% at 1˚C in experimental conditions. Fungus overwintering were confirmed as hyphae and conidia inside of bud and as hyphae in twig spots. The result of study indicating climatic effective role that is dominant in area in disease incidence and severity.
Keywords: Wilsonomyces carpopilus, Shot hole disease intensity, Overwinter, Germination
Abstract
Disease incidence and favorable condition on disease severity is evaluated. W. carpophilus isolated of infected orchards. For fungus overwintering method in buildup were carried out bud washing by centrifuge and spot culturing on nutrient mediums. Evaluation of shot hole in different areas showed that cultivars response to this disease is fixed inside of a climate but it is differ in different areas to each other. Fungus germination optimum was indicated 95% at 15˚C and its minimum 0.5% at 1˚C in experimental conditions. Fungus overwintering were confirmed as hyphae and conidia inside of bud and as hyphae in twig spots. The result of study indicating climatic effective role that is dominant in area in disease incidence and severity.
Keywords: Wilsonomyces carpopilus, Shot hole disease intensity, Overwinter, Germination
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
Introduction of Coranus subapterus De Geer, 1773 (Het.: Reduviidae) From Iran
Introduction of Coranus subapterus De Geer, 1773 (Het.: Reduviidae) From Iran
28634
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4141
FA
Mahboubeh
Rahimi Moghbeli
Mehdi
Modarres Awal
Javad
Karimi
Journal Article
2010
11
29
چکیده
تاکنون بررسی های انجام گرفته روی سن های خانواده Reduviidae در ایران به ویژه استان خراسان رضوی (3و4) و همچنین سایر کشورهای جهان بسیار اندک بوده است (1،2و5). در این تحقیق در ارتباط با سن های مزبور، نمونه هایی از چند گونه آن از نواحی مختلف استان جمع آوری گردید. بین گونه های جمع آوری شده سنCoranus subapterus De Geer برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می شود. نمونه هایی از این حشره در بخش گلمکان (شهرستان چناران) و در تاریخ 11/2/87 از روی خاک جمع آوری گردید. این نمونه ها پس از شناسایی مقدماتی به دکتر David Redei در موزه تاریخ طبیعی مجارستان ارسال گردید. این گونه متعلق به زیرخانواده Harpactorinaeمی باشد و برخی از مشخصات مهم آن با توجه به پنج نمونه جمع آوری شده در زیر ارایه گردیده است.
بدن حشره کامل به شکل استوانه ای، به رنگ قهوه ای تیره و به طور متوسط به طول 9/10 و عرض 9/3 میلی متر است (شکل1). سطح بدن مودار می باشد. سر باریک، طولش بیشتر از عرض آن و بخش جلوی سر نوک تیز است. چشم های مرکب برجسته و به شکل لوبیایی هستند. قسمت داخلی چشم مرکب دارای حاشیه زرد رنگ است. در هر دو طرف قسمت های میانی- کناری سر و زیر چشم های مرکب دو عدد برجستگی وجود دارد و یک نوار زرد رنگ از بین این دو برجستگی تا انتهای پیش گرده امتداد می یابد. قسمت غشایی بال ها رشد کافی یافته است. رگبال های بخش غشای بال ضخیم تر و واضح تر هستند. شکم لبه دار، لبه های آن به رنگ مخلوطی از زرد و سیاه و قسمت میانی استرنوم های شکم سیاه می باشد (شکل2). پنجه های پا سه بندی، ران پاهای جلوی سیاه و ران پاهای میانی و عقبی دارای لکه های سیاه و زرد می باشند.
چکیده
تاکنون بررسی های انجام گرفته روی سن های خانواده Reduviidae در ایران به ویژه استان خراسان رضوی (3و4) و همچنین سایر کشورهای جهان بسیار اندک بوده است (1،2و5). در این تحقیق در ارتباط با سن های مزبور، نمونه هایی از چند گونه آن از نواحی مختلف استان جمع آوری گردید. بین گونه های جمع آوری شده سنCoranus subapterus De Geer برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می شود. نمونه هایی از این حشره در بخش گلمکان (شهرستان چناران) و در تاریخ 11/2/87 از روی خاک جمع آوری گردید. این نمونه ها پس از شناسایی مقدماتی به دکتر David Redei در موزه تاریخ طبیعی مجارستان ارسال گردید. این گونه متعلق به زیرخانواده Harpactorinaeمی باشد و برخی از مشخصات مهم آن با توجه به پنج نمونه جمع آوری شده در زیر ارایه گردیده است.
بدن حشره کامل به شکل استوانه ای، به رنگ قهوه ای تیره و به طور متوسط به طول 9/10 و عرض 9/3 میلی متر است (شکل1). سطح بدن مودار می باشد. سر باریک، طولش بیشتر از عرض آن و بخش جلوی سر نوک تیز است. چشم های مرکب برجسته و به شکل لوبیایی هستند. قسمت داخلی چشم مرکب دارای حاشیه زرد رنگ است. در هر دو طرف قسمت های میانی- کناری سر و زیر چشم های مرکب دو عدد برجستگی وجود دارد و یک نوار زرد رنگ از بین این دو برجستگی تا انتهای پیش گرده امتداد می یابد. قسمت غشایی بال ها رشد کافی یافته است. رگبال های بخش غشای بال ضخیم تر و واضح تر هستند. شکم لبه دار، لبه های آن به رنگ مخلوطی از زرد و سیاه و قسمت میانی استرنوم های شکم سیاه می باشد (شکل2). پنجه های پا سه بندی، ران پاهای جلوی سیاه و ران پاهای میانی و عقبی دارای لکه های سیاه و زرد می باشند.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, press.
Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research
2980-8170
24
2
2010
08
23
abstract
abstract
28665
10.22067/jpp.v24i2.4154
FA
Journal Article
2010
12
01
abstract
abstract