p. 143−153
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 155−167
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 169−183
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 185−195
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 197−202
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 203−216
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
S. verticillata > S. viridis; because the increasing density of S. glauca, caused decreasing soybean yield with a gentle slope while, increasing density of S. viridis, made a decrement of soybean yield with a steep slope. The competitive ability of three species of foxtail together showed that increasing density of any species will diminished the growth index of other species when maximum height, tiller number, leaf number, spike number and biomass of all three species was observed in their monoculture.Conclusion: The results of the competition of all three species of terns with each other show that inter-species competition has been more effective in reducing weed population life than the intra-species competition; Thus, S. viridis species could have a greater decreasing effect on S. verticillata and S. glauca species by creating more height, more tillers and leaves and as a result higher biomass production. So, the competitiveness between the three species was S. glauca
p. 217−230
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 231−250
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
p. 251−263
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2
single flat fan = twin flat fan 3070. In all types of nozzles, with increasing the size of nozzles (spray volume), the rate of haloxyfop-r-methyl is required to reduce 50 and 90% of the dry weight of wild barley (ED50 and ED90) increased significantly, indicating a decrease in the efficacy of haloxyfop-r-methyl against wild barley. As the best treatment, the lowest values of ED50 and ED90, which were equal to 9.34 and 38.21 g a.i. ha-1, respectively, were obtained with twin flat fan 2020 at 110015. Increased efficacy of haloxyfop-r-methyl when spray volume was reduced can be explained as follows small size nozzles create a greater small droplet. Smaller droplets may give better spray retention over the leaf surface, resulting in increased efficacy of haloxyfop-r-methyl. In low spray volume, the higher concentration of herbicide in the spray solution may create a greater concentration gradient between the spray solution and leaf, increasing the diffusion of herbicide into the leaf.
Conclusion: Although the spray coverage increased with increasing spray volume for haloxyfop-r-methyl, it has an adverse effect on its efficacy. Therefore, smaller and more concentration droplets resulted in greater control of wild barley with haloxyfop-r-methyl than did larger and more dilution droplets.]]>
p. 265−278
2783-5383
Vol.35/No.2