بررسی غلظت‌های زیر بازدارندگی برخی اسانس‌های گیاهی بر فاکتورهای پرآزاری بیمارگر Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

از بیماری‌های مهم باکتریایی درختان میوه، شانکر باکتریایی درختان هسته­دار با عامل Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، خصوصیات ضدباکتریایی شش اسانس گیاهی علیه باکتری Pss براساس آزمون نشت در دیسک، تعیین حداقل غلظت بازدارنده و حداقل غلظت کشنده ارزیابی و گروه­بندی شد. تأثیر غلظت زیربازدارندگی اسانس‌های منتخب بر برخی عوامل پر آزاری بیمارگر و نیز اثرگذاری اسانس­های منتخب بر کاهش بیماری­زایی باکتری روی میوه نارس گیلاس بررسی و ترکیبات اسانس­ها مشخص گردید. براساس نتایج، اسانس مرزه خوزستانی و آویشن خراسانی اثر بازدارندگی قابل‌توجهی با حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی و کشندگی 16/1 و 32/2 گرم بر لیتر بر باکتری Pss، در مقایسه با سایر اسانس­ها و آنتی‍بیوتیک استرپتومایسین نشان دادند. اسانس­های منتخب در غلظت زیر بازدارندگی از رشد بیمارگر جلوگیری نکردند. قابلیت تحرک توده­ای سلول­های تحت تیمار اسانس­ها نسبت به شاهد 25 تا 55 درصد و قابلیت تحرک شناوری 42/18 تا 71/ 35 درصد کاهش یافت. آویشن خراسانی و مرزه خوزستانی با درصد بازدارندگی به­ترتیب 75 و 70 درصد قوی‌ترین اثر مهارکنندگی را بر میزان تشکیل بیوفیلم نشان دادند. همچنین، در آزمون تولید توکسین، دو اسانس آویشن خراسانی و مرزه خوزستانی درکاهش تولید سیرینگومایسین و افزایش رشد قارچ Geotrichum candidum به­ترتیب به میزان 76/1 و 5/1 برابر در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم تیمار با اسانس) مؤثر بودند. تیمار اسانس­ها در مقادیر حداقل غلظت بازدارنده سبب کاهش علائم بیماری شد. بر اساس آنالیز اسانس­ها به­ترتیب تیمول در اسانس آویشن خراسانی، کارواکرول در اسانس مرزه خوزستانی، پیپریتون در اسانس پونه کوهی و پولگون در اسانس کاکوتی به‌عنوان ترکیبات عمده تعیین شد. به‍طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد مواد مؤثره اصلی دو اسانس آویشن خراسانی و مرزه خوزستانی در کاهش فعالیت بیمارگر شانکر باکتریایی هسته­داران مؤثر هستند که می­توانند به­عنوان ساختار شیمیایی الگو در جهت سنتز مواد ضدمیکروبی مد نظر قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation The Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Some Plant Essential Oils on Investigating Factors of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Ghorbanpour-Yadaki 1
  • Sareh Baghaee-Ravari 2
  • Mohammad Moghadam 3
  • Pejman khodaygan 4
1 Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 One of the important bacterial diseases of stone-fruit trees is canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). This pathogen employs a vast range of pathogenic and virulence factors during its interaction with its host in order to induce disease symptoms. To control the bacterial canker disease, various methods such as sanitary measures, selection of resistant cultivars and certified seedlings and chemical component based on copper are used. Application pf plant derivatives such as essential oils and extracts, is one of the compatible management methods in line with environmental goals. Essential oils include a wide range of antimicrobial components and have high efficacy, multiple mechanisms of action, and low toxicity on non-target organisms. The current study aimed to assess the inhibitory and sub-inhibitory effects of six indigenous medicinal essential oils against the causative agent of canker disease in stone fruits. The research evaluated the efficacy of these essential oils in reducing the virulence factors of the disease while identifying the active compounds within the oils. 
Material and Methods
The antimicrobial properties of six native plant EOs, namely Thymus transcaspicus, Satureja khuzistanica, Mentha longifolia, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Perorkia abrotanoides, and Artemisia persica were evaluated against Pss bacteria based on disc diffusion assay test and measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Moreover, the effect of essential oils on some virulence factors of pathogen including motility, biofilm, and syringomycine production was investigated in sub-inhibitory concentrations. The effect of selected EOs on the reduction of bacterial pathogenicity on immature cherry fruitlets was also investigated. Finally, the chemical composition of EOs was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-Ms).
 
Results and Discussion
All studied essential oils have different antibacterial effects in interaction with Pss bacteria. EOs of T. transcaspicus and S. khuzistanica showed a significant inhibitory effect with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 1.16 and 2.32 g L-1, respectively against Pss compared with other essential oils and streptomycin antibiotic. Sub-inhibitory concentrations test of EOs showed no significant effect on the growth pathogen. The swarming motility of bacterial cells treated with essential oil decreased by 25-55% and the swimming motility decreased by 18.42 to 35.71% compared with the control. T. transcaspicus and S. khuzistanica within the range of 70-75% showed the strongest inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. Also, in the toxin production test, T. transcaspicus and S.khuzistanica EOs are effective in reducing syringomycin production and increasing the growth of Geotrichum candidum by 1.5 to 1.76 times compared with control (not treatment with EOs). The EOs treatment at MICs reduced the symptoms of the disease. In immature cherries inoculated with Pss bacterium and treated with EO of T. transcaspicus was not observed necrosis symptom. The four selected essential oils tested all had a role in reducing the virulence factors in Pss, and the degree of effectiveness is different depending on the components of the essential oil. The higher the phenolic content in the essential oil, the greater its antimicrobial properties against plant pathogenic bacteria. According to the EOs analysis, thymol in T. transcaspicus, carvacrol in S. khuzistanica, piperitone in M. longifolia, and pulegone in Ziziphora clinopodioides were the major constituent compound. It seems that the highest amounts of compounds in essential oils have a higher antibacterial power. The EOs of T. transcaspicus and S. khuzistanica effectively reduce the pathogenic activity of bacterial cankers agent in stone fruits. ConclusionThe studied plant compounds in sub-inhibition concentration showed acceptable potential in inhibiting pathogenic agents in in vitro tests. Taking into account the growing trend of the general acceptance of natural control compounds in the field of plant diseases, it seems that planning in line with how to use plant products to reduce the consumption of pesticides can be investigated and needs complementary experiments. In order to reduce the spread of bacterial canker symptoms and increase the life span of the tree, the main effective substances (oxygenated monoterpenes) of the essential oils of T. transcaspicus and S. khuzistanica can be used as a model chemical structure for the synthesis of antimicrobial substances using the experts in the field of chemistry and pharmaceuticals. It is suggested to investigate the stability and preservation of antimicrobial properties in laboratory and field conditions.



 
 



 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canker of stone fruits
  • Control
  • Pathogenicity reduction
  • Plant volatiles
  • Sub-inhibitory concentration

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

مراجع

  1. Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Vol. 456, pp. 544-545). Carol Stream: Allured publishing corporation.

    1. Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology Academic Press. San Diego, USA.
    2. Alymanesh, MR., & Mirzaei, H. (2013). Using some essential oils in the control of bacterial canker disease of stone fruit. Proceeding of the second National Congress on Medicinal Plants. 15-16 May, Tehran, Iran, 1135.
    3. Amiri, H. (2009). Influence of growth phase on the essential oil composition of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Natural product research, 23(7), 601-606. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802113995
    4. Bahar, M., Mojtahedi, A., & Akhiani, A. (1985). Bacterial Canker Apricot trees in Esfahan. Iran. Plant Patho, 18, 58-68.
    5. Bassole, I.H.N., Lamien-Meda, A., Bayala, B.O.L.C., Obame, L.C., Ilboudo, A.J., Franz, C., & Dicko, M.H. (2011). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination. Phytomedicine, 18(12), 1070-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.05.009
    6. Bender, C.L., & Scholz-Schroeder, B.K. (2004). New insights into the biosynthesis, mode of action, and regulation of syringomycin, syringopeptin, and coronatine. In Virulence and gene regulation(pp. 125-158). Springer, Boston, MA.
    7. Bultreys, A., & Kaluzna, M. (2010). Bacterial cankers caused by Pseudomonas syringae on stone fruit species with special emphasis on the pathovars syringae and morsprunorum race 1 and race 2. Journal of Plant Pathology, S21-S33.
    8. Carezzano, M.E., Sotelo, J.P., Primo, E., Reinoso, E.B., Paletti Rovey, M.F., Demo, M.S., & Oliva, M.D.L.M. (2017). Inhibitory effect of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare essential oils on virulence factors of phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains. Plant Biology, 19(4), 599-607. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12572
    9. Chouhan, S., Sharma, K., & Guleria, S. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils—present status and future perspectives. Medicines, 4(3), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4030058
    10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2018). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard—12th ed. M02-A13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA. https://clsi.org
    11. Ebrahimi, S.N., Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H., Sonboli, A., & Yousefzadi, M. (2008). Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus caramanicus at different phenological stages. Food Chemistry, 110(4), 927-931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.083
    12. Farhadfar, S., Keshavarzi, M., Bouzari, N., Moghadam, L., & Soleimani, A. (2016). Susceptibility of cherries to bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) in field and laboratory. International journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 6(1), 20-7. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20160601.04
    13. Farzaneh, M., Kiani, H., Sharifi, R., Reisi, M., & Hadian, J. (2015). Chemical composition and antifungal effects of three species of Satureja (S. hortensis, S. spicigera, and S. khuzistanica) essential oils on the main pathogens of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 109, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.06.014
    14. Gasic, K., Prokic, A., Ivanovic, M., Kuzmanovic, N., & Obradovic, A. (2012). Differentiation of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars originating from stone fruits. Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 27(3), 219-229. https://doi.org/102298/PIF1203219G
    15. Golparvar, A.R., Hadipanah, A., & Mehrabi, A.M. (2015). Diversity in Chemical composition from two ecotypes of (Mentha longifolia L.) and (Mentha spicata L.) in Iran climatic conditions. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 6(4), 26-33.
    16. Hajian-Maleki, H., Baghaee-Ravari, S., & Moghaddam, M. (2019). Efficiency of essential oils against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causing potato soft rot and their possible application as coatings in storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 156, 110928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.06.002
    17. Hwang, M.S., Morgan, R.L., Sarkar, S.F., Wang, P.W., & Guttman, D.S. (2005). Phylogenetic characterization of virulence and resistance phenotypes of Pseudomonas syringae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(9), 5182-5191. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.9.5182-5191.2005
    18. Ichinose, Y., Taguchi, F., & Mukaihara, T. (2013). Pathogenicity and virulence factors of Pseudomonas syringae. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 79(5), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-013-0452-8
    19. Jaymand, K., & Rezaee, M. (2007). Essential oil, Distillations Apparatuses, test Method of essential oil and Retention Indices in Essential oil Analysis. Iranian Society of Medicinal Plants. Tehran, 12, 106-108.
    20. Kavanaugh, N.L., & Ribbeck, K. (2012). Selected antimicrobial essential oils eradicate Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78(11), 4057-4061. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.07499-11
    21. Kennelly, M.M., Cazorla, F.M., de Vicente, A., Ramos, C., & Sundin, G.W. (2007). Pseudomonas syringae diseases of fruit trees: progress toward understanding and control. Plant Disease, 91(1), 4-17.https://doi.org/ 10.1094/PD-91-0004
    22. Khodaygan, P., Sedaghati, A., Hosseinipour, A., & Baghaee-Ravari, S. (2012). Study on canker disease of stone friuts and antibacterial effects of some essential oils on its causal agent in Kerman province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 48(3), 303-317.
    23. López Belchí, M.D., Cantó-Tejero, M., & Pascual-Villalobos, M.J. (2021). New insights into Biopesticides: Solid and liquid formulations of essential oils and derivatives. Frontiers in Agronomy, 3, 763530. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2021.763530
    24. Matas, I.M., Lambertsen, L., Rodríguez‐Moreno, L., & Ramos, C. (2012). Identification of novel virulence genes and metabolic pathways required for full fitness of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive (Olea europaea) knots. New Phytologist, 196(4), 1182-1196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04357.x
    25. Myszka, K., Schmidt, M.T., Majcher, M., Juzwa, W., Olkowicz, M., & Czaczyk, K. (2016). Inhibition of quorum sensing-related biofilm of Pseudomonas fluorescens KM121 by Thymus vulgare essential oil and its major bioactive compounds. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 114, 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.07.006
    26. Oliva, M.D.L.M., Carezzano, M.E., Giuliano, M., Daghero, J., Zygadlo, J., Bogino, P., & Demo, M. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare on phytopathogenic strains isolated from soybean. Plant Biology, 17(3), 758-765. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12282
    27. O'May, C., & Tufenkji, N. (2011). The swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is blocked by cranberry proanthocyanidins and other tannin-containing materials. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(9), 3061-3067. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02677-10
    28. Pavela, R., & Benelli, G. (2016). Essential oils as ecofriendly biopesticides? Challenges and constraints. Trends in Plant Science, 21(12), 1000-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.10.005
    29. Ramezanian, A., Azadi, M., Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, R., & Saharkhiz, M.J. (2016). Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils on black rot of ‘Washington Navel’orange fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 112, 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.10.011
    30. Rasoolzadegan, Y. (1997). Temperate Zone Fruits. Esfahan University pub. 759 pp.
    31. Romero, C.M., Vivacqua, C.G., Abdulhamid, M.B., Baigori, M.D., Slanis, A.C., Allori, M.C.G.D., & Tereschuk, M. . (2016). Biofilm inhibition activity of traditional medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina against native pathogen and environmental microorganisms. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 49, 703-712. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0452-2016
    32. Santos, C.A., Almeida, F.A., Quecán, B.X., Pereira, P.A., Gandra, K., Cunha, L.R., & Pinto, U.M. (2020). Bioactive properties of Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels pulp and seed phenolic extracts. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 990. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00990
    33. Shabani, B., Rezaei, R., Charehgani, H., & Salehi, A. (2019). Study on antibacterial effect of essential oils of six plant species against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Van Hall 1902 and Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1894. Journal of Plant Pathology, 101(3), 671-675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00266-x
    34. Singh, A., Gupta, R., Tandon, S., & Pandey, R. (2017). Thyme oil reduces biofilm formation and impairs virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1074. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01074
    35. Spotts, R.A., Wallis, K.M., Serdani, M., & Azarenko, A.N. (2010). Bacterial canker of sweet cherry in Oregon-Infection of horticultural and natural wounds, and resistance of cultivar and rootstock combinations. Plant Disease, 94(3), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0345
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار