بررسی تأثیر قارچ‌کش سولفور SC 80% و پنکونازول EW 20% بر روی بیماری سفیدک پودری و صفات کمی و کیفی انگور

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مشگین شهر، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خراسان رضوی، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویر احمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کهگیلویه و بویر احمد، ایران

4 موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور

5 استادیار پژوهش، بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خراسان رضوی، ایران

6 استادیار پژوهش، بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خراسان رضوی، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر فرمولاسیون جدید قارچ‌کش سولفور SC 80% و پنکونازول EW 20% در کنترل بیماری سفیدک پودری انگور آزمایشی در استان‌های اردبیل، خراسان رضوی و کهگیلویه و بویراحمد بر روی رقم حساس انگور عسکری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار و چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل قارچکش‌های پنکونازول EW 20% (125/0 در هزار)، سولفورSC 80% در سه غلظت (2، 5/2 و 3 در هزار) و شاهد بدون سم‌پاشی (آب-پاشی) بودند. سم‌پاشی در 3 نوبت، طول شاخه‌های نورسته بین 15 تا 35 سانتی‌متر، قبل از ریزش گل‌ها و در مرحله تشکیل غوره‌ها انجام شد. یک هفته بعد از آخرین سمپاشی نمونه‌برداری تصادفی از برگ‌ها و خوشه‌ها از چهار جهت اصلی تاج پوشش سه درخت مرکزی در هر پلات انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب صفات انگور نشان داد بین مکان‌ها از لحاظ صفات شدت بیماری در برگ‌ها و میوه‌ها، بین تیمارها و اثر‌متقابل مکان و تیمار از لحاظ صفات شدت بیماری در برگ‌ها و میوه‌ها و عملکرد خوشه اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات مقدار قند و غلظت اسید در حبه انگور در منطقه اردبیل (مشگین‌شهر) اختلاف معنی‌داری بین تیمارها نشان داد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده سولفور SC 80% با غلظت‌های 5/2 و 3 در هزار بیشترین تأثیر را در کاهش بیماری سفیدک پودری و افزایش عملکرد خوشه و کیفیت انگور داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Sulfur SC 80% and Penconazole EW 20% Effects on Grape Powdery Mildew Disease and Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Grape

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Karbalaei Khiavi 1
  • Mohammad Hajian Shahri 2
  • Kavous Keshavarz 3
  • Hossein Khabbaz- Jolfaee 4
  • Esfandiar Zohour 5
  • Mohammad Bazubandi 6
1 Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Meshginshahr, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
3 Plant Protection Research Department, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Iran
4
5 Plant Protection Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
6 Plant Protection Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Fungal diseases are a major problem in the cultivation of grapevine, Powdery mildew disease caused by plant pathogenic fungus, Erysiphenecator is one of the most important and destructive diseases of grape in many countries of the world including Iran. Due to extend viticulture area in Iran and the high prevalence of the grape powdery mildew in vineyards, application of sulfur based fungicides is mainly recommended for the disease control. This study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of new formulations fungicide of sulfur SC 80% and penconazole EW 20% to control grape powdery mildew disease.
Material and Methods: The experiments were conducted on Askari cultivar as susceptible in Ardabil, KhorasanRazavi and Kohgiluye and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and in vineyards, which in previous years had a history of infected and trees were similar in age and growth conditions. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were composed of penconazole EW 20% 0.125 ml L-1, sulfur SC 80% 2, 2.5 and 3 ml L-1 and control. The spray was carried out three times, including when the young shoots were between15 and 35cm, before falling flowers and stage of sours. One week after the last spray sampling of leaves and clusters was carried out in four directions main canopy trees randomly in each plot. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated based on infection severity found in 60 leaves and 12 clusters in per plot. To determine the amount of sugar and tartaric acid in the grape fruit, sampling of the healthy and infected clusters were carried out and healthy and infected the samples were then separated into a plastic bag and crushed. Then, the juice wasprepared (fruit juice was obtained from 700 g fruit in each sample).To determine the amount of sugar, hand-held refractometer was used and the amount of sugar was determined in healthy and infected fruit. For the determination of tartaric acid in grape juice titration using sodium hydroxide, 1.0 M was carried out.
To determine the yield of grapes per healthy and infected plants and determination of the quantity of the yield damage caused by the disease, after fruit ripening, all clusters of grapes were picked by hand and weighed. Then in each province data were transformed and statistical analysis of data using SAS software was carried out. The mean comparisons were conducted with Duncan's Multiple Range test and Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level.
Results and Discussion: Combined analysis of variance studied traits showed that between locations in terms of severity of disease in leaves and fruits, between treatment and locations and treatment interaction in terms of severity of disease in leaves and fruits, yield there was the significant difference. Analysis of variance amounts of sugar and acid concentration in the grapes in Ardabil (Meshginshahar) showed between treatments in terms of the amount of sugar and acid concentration in grape was observed the significant difference. According to the results sulfur SC 80% fungicide at concentrations of 2.5 and 3 per thousand the greatest effect in reducing the powdery mildew disease and increase yield and quality of grapes. Analysis of variance for amounts of sugar and acid levels in the grapes in Ardabil (Meshginshahar) showed highly significant differences among treatments in grape sugar and acid concentration at 1% level. Comparison of means indicated that control treatment (without spraying) had the highest concentration of sugar and acid. In this study, increasing the severity of the disease on the leaves and fruit tended to increased acid concentration in the fruit. In this study, the yield of the grape was decreased depending on the disease severity on the leaves and clusters. In this experiment, increasing the severity of the disease on the leaves and fruit tended to increased sugar amount. The intensity of infection was higher in the leaves and fruits as well as the amount of sugar in sugar increases that were consistent with findings of another researcher.
Conclusions: According to the results and taking into consideration environmental protection, the lowest intensity of infection in the leaves and fruit, the highest yield, the most normal sugar and acid concentration were on the treated plants with the sulfur concentration of 2.5 per thousand. According to the results of this study, spraying sulfur SC 80% in the control programs of the disease to prevent the emergence of resistant races of grape powdery mildew would be desirable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disease
  • Fungicide
  • sulfur
  • Vineyard
  • Erysiphe necator
1- Amati A., Piva A., Castellari M., and Arfelli G. 1996. Preliminary studies on the effect of Oidium tuckeri on the phenolic coposition of grapes and wines.Vitis, 34: 149-150.
2- Braun U., Cook R.T.A., Inman A., and Shin H.D. 2002. The taxonomy of the powdery mildew fungi. In: Belanger, R.R., Bushnell, W.R., Dick, A.J., Timothy L.W., (Eds.), The powdery mildews, a comprehensive treatise. The American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. pp. 13-55.
3- Calonnec A., Cartolaro P., Poupot C., Dubourdieu D., and Darriet P. 2004. Effects of Uncinula necator on the yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera) and wine. Plant Pathology, 53: 434-445.
4- Campbell P., Bendek C., Latorre B.A., and Torres R. 2003. Pronosticoy effect odelambiente en el desarrollodeloidio de la vid. Aconex (Chile), 81:5-10. [In Spanish].
5- Emmett R.W. 2003. Strategic use of sulfur in disease and pest management programs for dried vine fruit production. Final Project Report for Horticulture Australia Ltd. Department of Primary Industries, Mildura Vic. 66 pp.
6- Gadoury D.M., Cadle-Davidson L., Wilcox W.F., Dry I.B., Seem R.C., and Milgroom M.G. 2011. Grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator): a fascinating system for the study of the biology, ecology and epidemiology of an obligate biotroph. Molecular Plant Pathology, 99:1143-1149.
7- Gadoury D.M., Seem R.C., Pearson R.C., and Wilcox W.F. 2001. Effects of powdery mildew on vine growth, yield and quality of Concord grapes. Plant Disease, 85: 137-140.
8- Gaunt, R.E. 1995. The relationship between plant disease severity and yield. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 33: 119-144.
9- Glories Y. 1998. Chimie du vin-stabilisation et trait ements. pp. 200-202.
10- Grove G., and Nelson M.E. 2011. New fungicides for grapevine powdery mildew management WSU-IAREC, Prosser WA Viticulture Extension WSU-IAREC 24106 N. Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350, 10pp.
11- Horsfall J.B., and Cowling E.B. 1978. Pathometery: The measurement of plant diseases. In: Plant Disease, an Advanced Treatise. Vol. 2. How Diseases Develops in Populations. Academic Press, New York, pp. 119-136.
12- Jarvis W., Gubler W., and Grove G. 2002. Epidemiology of powdery mildew in agricultural pathosystems.In: Belanger R. (ed.), The powdery mildew: A Comprehensive Treatise. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.,pp. 169-199.
13- KarbalaeiKhiavi H., Shikhlinski H., BabaeiAhari A., Heydari A., and Akrami M. 2012. Study on the biology and epidemiology of Uncinula necator – the causal agent of grape powdery mildew disease. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(4): 574-579.
14- KarbalaeiKhiavi H., Shikhlinski H., BabaeiAhari A., and Akrami M. 2012. Evaluation of different grape varieties for resistance to powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(29): 4182-4186.
15- Madden L., and Nutter F. 1995. Modeling crop losses at the field scale. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 17: 124-137.
16- Ollat N., Diakou-Verdin P., Carde J.P., Barrieu F., Gaudillera J.P., and Moing A. 2002. Grapeberrydevelopment. A review Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 36: 109-31.
17- Ough C.S., and Berg H.W. 1979. Powderymildewsensoryeffect on wine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 30: 321-325.
18- Pearson R.C., and Goheen A.C.1990. Compendium of grape diseases. APS Press, American Phytopathological Society.
19- Savocchia S., Stummer B., Scott E., and Wicks T. 1999. Detection DMI resistance among population of powdery mildew fungus. The Australian Grape grower and winemaker, 424: 34-41.
20- Wang Y., Schwaninger H., He P., and Wang Y. 2007. Comparison of resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew in Chinese wild grapes. Vitis, 46: 32-136.
21- Wang Y. 1993. Genetic studies on resistance to powdery mildew Uncinula necator of wild Chinese Vitis species. Ph.D. Thesis. Northwestern Agriculture University, Yangling, China.
22- Wicks T.J., and Hitch C. 2001a. Higher sulfur rates improve powdery mildew control. Aust. Grape grower and Winemaker, 452: 62-64.
23- Wicks T.J., and Hitch C. 2001b. Integrating different chemical groups in spray programs for thecontrol of powdery mildew. Australian Grape grower and Winemaker 452: 27-31.
24- Wright D.P., Baldwin B.C., Shephard M.C., and Scholes J.D. 1995. Source-sink relationships in wheat leaves infected with powdery mildew. Alternation in carbohydrate metabolism. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 47: 237-253.
CAPTCHA Image