اثر کشندگی نانوسیلیکا (SiO2) و نانواکسیدمس CuO)) روی شب‌پره آرد، Ephestia kuehniella Zeller

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

2 دانشگاه ولی عصر

چکیده

براساس آمار سازمان‌های بین‌المللی، هر سال بخش قابل‌توجهی از تولیدات کشاورزی توسط آفات در انبارها از بین می‌روند. برای مبارزه با آفات انباری به‌طور معمول از سموم تدخینی استفاده می‌شود، اما آگاهی از خطرات باقی‌مانده این سموم روی محصولات انباری و نیز افزایش مقاومت به این سموم، اتخاذ یک روش مبارزه مناسب‌تر را ایجاب می‌کند. استفاده از نانوذرات به‌عنوان آفت‌کش به ‌دلیل مشکلات کمتر زیست محیطی و نیز خطرات کمتر برای جانوران خون‌گرم، می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی باشند. نانوذرات سیلیکا و اکسیدمس به‌کار رفته در این بررسی با روش سونوشیمی و با استفاده از دستگاه التراسونیک تهیه گردیدند. برای انجام آزمایش، جیره غذایی حشرات، با غلظت‌های مختلف نانوذرات تیمار شد، سپس 30 عدد لارو سه روزه داخل هر تیمار قرار داده شد و مرگ‌ومیر مراحل نابالغ بعد از 7، 21 و 51 روز (ظهور حشرات بالغ) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (دمای 1±27 درجه سلیسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±50 درصد و دوره نوری 14 ساعت روشنایی و 10 ساعت تاریکی) ثبت شد. برطبق نتایج حاصل از زیست‌سنجی، در اثر کاربرد نانوسیلیکا و نانواکسید مس در مقایسه با شاهد، با گذشت زمان بر میزان تلفات مراحل نابالغ شب‌پره آرد افزوده شد. میزان دز کشنده پنجاه درصد نانوسیلیکا برای شب‌پره آرد بعد از 7، 21 و 51 روز به‌ترتیب 805، 518 و 403 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر محاسبه شد. در حالی که این میزان برای نانواکسید مس به‌ترتیب 3988، 3820 و 3036 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر محاسبه شد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این بررسی، نانوذرات سیلیکا در مقایسه با نانواکسید مس از قابلیت بهتری برای کنترل شب پره آرد برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Lethal Effect of Nanosilica (SiO2) and Nanocopperoxide (CuO) against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Farzan 1
  • H. Izadi 1
  • A. Bazmandegan 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Introduction According to the international organizations, stored-product insects can cause serious postharvest losses. The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller is a world-wide pest of the main stored products. This pest was attracted to a large variety of food types and grain in stores where its larvae can cause serious damages. The feces and webbings of the larvae cause additional quantitative degradations of the product. Fumigants are commonly used for control of the stored product pests, but awareness of the health hazard from pesticide residue and the growing problem of insect resistance to the conventional insecticides have provoked the discussion among the researchers to explore the alternative strategies for protection of the stored products. Using of nanoparticles as pesticide is another alternative for conventional pesticides. Nanoparticles due to being less dangerous for the environment, the warm-blooded animals can be used as an alternative for conventional pesticides. Nanoparticles are ultra- fine particles which have at least one dimension which is less than 100 nm. Because of having increased ratio of surface to volume, nano-particles are more reactive than their bulk counterpart. So, the present study was performed to investigate the potential effect of nanosilica and nanocopper oxide against larvae of E. kuehniella.
Materials and Methods Ephestia kuehniella larvae were reared on broken wheat grain at 27± 1°C, 50% ± 5 RH with a photoperiod of 14L: 10D. Nanosilica (SiO2) and nanocopperoxide (CuO) was synthesized in the laboratory by ultrasonication method (ref: Rao et al. Size of nanoparticles was measured by scanning electron microscope. To study the oral toxicity of the nanoparticles, different concentrations of nanosilica (0.200, 0.287, 0.412, 0.592 and 0.850 mg/kg) and nanocopper oxide (1.20, 1.60, 2.135, 2.848 and 3.80 mg/kg) was mixed with a certain amount of diet and then 30 three-day old larvae were kept in each treatment. Larval mortality was recorded after 7 and 21 days and adult emergence was counted after 51 days. The experiments were carried out with four replications. Distilled water was used in the control treatment. To study the contact toxicity of nanosilica, fifteen-day-old larvae (third instar) were transferred into Petri dishes (n=10 larvae). Larvae were sprayed with 750 ml of aqueous emulsions of different concentrations (0.800, 1.640, 1.414, 1.880 and 2.500 mg/L) of nanosilica. The spray was applied by using Potter Precision Spray Tower. The experiments were carried out with nine replications. Distilled water was used in the control treatment. Larval mortality was recorded over five days. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ephestia kuehniella
  • Nanoparticles
  • Bioassay
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